Oft the Principles of Pump-lFork. 925 



earthen ware well closed : the roots must be covered with 

 syrup only to the depth of some lines. 



*' Son)etimes a dry consistence is given to these roots ; 

 for this purpose they are immersed in sugar cuit a la grande 

 plume, leaving them to drain and to dry at each operation. 

 If it be required to have them candied or crystalHzed in 

 sugar, they are left m syrup of very white sugar boiled to a 

 strong consistence. 



XL. On the Principles of Pump- IFork, illustrated and ap- 

 plied in the Construction of anew Pump, ivithovt Friction y 

 or Loss of lime, or JVuter, in uvrking ; humbly proposed 

 for the Service of the British Marine, with the Privilege 

 of His Majesty'' s Royal Letters Patent. By Benjamin 

 Martin*. 



In a civilized nation, everv person, considered as a member 

 of the commnnitVj is, by the first law of nature, obliged to 

 exert every faculty in his power towards establishing, sup- 

 portint!;, ar.d preserving the public good ; since the happiness 

 of individuals must result from, and therefore is necessarily 

 dependent upon, that of the comnionweallh. And when 

 everv thing is duly considered, no person will be found en- 

 dued with talents not considerable enough to render them of 

 importance to the public some way or other. 



There is no case wherein this maxim of politics is more 

 conspicuously verified than in that of sea-faring men. The 

 marine is well known to be the bulwark of every common- 

 wealth circumstanced like ours; and therefore the life of 

 everv man iu that respectable and momentous bodv must 

 deserve the first regard of the higher powers, or regency of 

 such a state. 



But when we consider their mode of living, as it were, 

 founded in instabilitv, and liable to all the fortuitous events 

 that the four elemeuts can expose them to, their situation 

 merits all the care of goverament, and the concurrent asist- 

 ance of every person in tlie conununitv, to protect them 



* Tills article is copied from a pani|jhiet by tbe ingenious Benjamin 

 Martin, wi-h whicii we were favoured by a fritiid. As the pump de- 

 scrihcil in it possesses great merit, and many advantages over any pump 

 we have seen, it o'j^lit to be ii;eu(frallv known; which we find it is not, 

 thuuy^h the invention wis pubii:hed m 1766. The same kind of piston 

 is, if we recollect riiht, notited in Dt^a^uliers's Natural Pniloscphv, but 

 on»y ap, lied to one wrkin^ b-Hriel ; one .^re.it advantai^e in Mr. Marrin'> 

 pump arises from employ m^; two— U't j^avc an cngra\ing ff :his puuip 

 in our last Number, Plate V. 



•aaainst 



