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that during the last raid, two young women and three children 

 had been carried off by the mountaineers. The small colony of 

 Kakhyens outside this village had established themselves here, 

 much against the will of the people, who are too weak to offer 

 resistance, nor can they look to their Government for protection 

 from the outrages these freebooters commit. After starting 

 Yan Sing for Mogoung, (accompanied by two of my own peons 

 and a guard of four Shan-Burmans from this village), with 

 a letter to the Governor, presenting my royal passport and 

 asking him to kindly arrange about a house for myself and 

 party, I visited the Kakhyens, and was surprised to find that 

 they had adopted the Shan-Burman style of house ; they had 

 no cattle, nor even pigs ; but appeared mainly dependent on the pro- 

 ceeds of their plunder, which is carried on in conjunction with the 

 rest of the clan located in the hills : they also cultivate paddy in 

 the plains, and extract teak timber which is bartered for any other 

 article they require. Here I managed to pick up a specimen of a 

 Kakhyen fiddle, a most primitive invention. It consisted of the 

 section of a club-gourd ( Trichosanthea anguina) common about here, 

 with neck, pegs, and tail-piece of bamboo : the belly was of the 

 sheath of the bamboo, and the bridge, of bone ; it had three strings 

 of twisted horse-hail', and the bow was a bent piece of stick and 

 horse-hair ; as a substitute for rosin, saliva was used and the sound 

 produced can better be imagined than described. This and a bam- 

 boo flute with four holes as notes, and blown on the principle of 

 a penny-whistle were the only instruments besides the gong and drum, 

 that I met with, among the highlanders of either bank. Their 

 idea of tune — which gives perception of harmony and discord in 

 music — is singularly wanting ; yet they are capital timeists, as is 

 noticeable when they are dancing or singing to music. I took 

 a stroll in the evening, and shot some painted partridge and jungle- 

 fowl (Gallus ferrugineus). I observed that the carts of this country 

 had no wheels, but were on the principle of sleigh dragged by 

 buffaloes ; they are peculiarly adapted for passing over swampy 

 land. Two of my peons showed symptoms of fever towards night — 

 the result no doubt of over-fatigue. I served them with quinine, 

 and a threat that they would be left behind if not quite well the 

 following day ; the latter remedy was given as a stimulant, for I 

 knew they would, indeed, have had to be very bad to consent to sepa- 

 ration from the rest of the party. I was not in a position to show 

 sympathy to any one, or should never have got on. 



301. Thursday, 12th February 1874.— Thermometer, 57° at 6 

 a.m. I was awoke in the middle of the night by a rush of water down 

 the slope where I was sleeping, on the ground. I was too knock- 



