On the Mamifaciure of Muscovado Sugar. 3 1 9 



few minutes : if it were as many hours, such syrup would 

 take no daniasje in the lime. 



About twelve iadlings forward belong to a skip; and for 

 each of these its share of reserved temper is to be used. Less 

 than a tea-spoonful generally sprves : a small excess does no 

 harm now to the colour of the sugar : both the fdth and the 

 temper are stopped in the fi-tcr; and the sugar beconies im- 

 proved in the manner above described, provided no part of it 

 be over-heated in the skipping. 



The damage v.'hich the liquid sugar takes here is certainly 

 greater, as it is fouler by the Iicrbaceous matter; l^ecause 

 the herbaceous matter becomes darkened or charred sooner 

 than the mere sugar. But whether the filter be used or not, 

 there will always be some depravation of the colour of the 

 ground sugar when the skipping is conducted in the usual 

 manner. 



Of the SpTcn/ing Iiisfrumcnl in Sk'pp'nig. 



It is now sufficiently understood, that in boiling down 

 and in ladling forward, great care ought to be taken that no 

 part of a vessel, between the surface of the charge and the 

 under-pinning, shall be so far heated as to burn -to the syrup 

 or sugar adhering to it ; and that this burning or charring is 

 to be prevented by one negro rolling the residuary liquor up 

 to the under-pinning, until another has ladled forward and 

 charged the evacuated teach, and until the litpior froths to 

 the under-pinning. 



But as nothing of this kind is practicable in the skipping 

 from the first teach, some new expedient is necessary to pre- 

 vent the burning-lo which is manifested in every whole 

 skip, by the hissing heat of the copper, by the cmpyreu- 

 matic smell, and by the film of charred matter which washes 

 from the sides into the subsequent charge of liquor; for the 

 practice of some, in skipping only one-half of the readv and 

 graining charge, is a very objectionable sliift. 



To preserve the crop and grain once attained, to prevent 

 all empyreuma, and to n)aintain every advaiitaiic of the fil- 

 tration, I have contrived, and presented in IriaJ to the ho- 



uou table 



