Experhncnts on JJ'ovtz, 41 



No. 2. This cake had two very different aspects ; one 

 side was dense and regular, the other hollow, spongy, and 

 protuberant. The under surface was more uniformly lioney- 

 combed than No. I ; the convexity in the middle was greater, 

 but towards the edges, particularly on one side, it became 

 flatter. The grain exposed by breaking was lai'ger, bluer 

 in colour, and more sparkling than No. 1. In breakings 

 the fracture tore but slightly out, and displayed the same un- 

 connected laminse, with rustv surfaces, as were observed in 

 No. 1. Beside these, two thiu lias of malleable iron pro- 

 jected from the vmsound side, and seemed incorporated 

 with the ma-s of steel throughout. Towards the centre of 

 the break, and near to the excrescence common to all the 

 cakes, groups of malleable grains were distinctly visible. 

 The same appearance, though in a slighter degree, mani- 

 fested itself in various places throughout the break. 



No. 3. The upper surface of this cake contained several 

 deep pits, which seemed to result from the want of proper 

 fluidity in fusion. They ditfered materially from those de- 

 scribed upon the convex sides of No. 1 and 2, and were of 

 that kiad that would materially affect the steel in forging. 



The under or convex side of tiiis cake presented a few 

 crystalline depressions, and those very small ; the convexity 

 was greater than that of No, 1 and 2, the fracture of the fin 

 almost smooth, and only in one place exhibited a small 

 degree of tenacity in the act of parting. In the middle of 

 the break, about half an inch of soft steel was evident; and 

 in different spots throughout numerous groups of malleable 

 grains and thin laminte of soft blue tough iron made their 

 appearance. 



No. 4. was a thick dense cake possessed of the greatest 

 convexity, the depressions upon the under side were neither 

 so lariie nor so lumierous as those in No. 1 and 2, nor did 

 they approach the upper surface of the cake further than 

 the acute edge. This surface had the most evident marks 

 of hammering to dej)ress the feeder, or fungous part of the 

 metal, which in the manui'aeturing seems the gate or orifice 

 by which the metal descends in the act of gravitation. 



The break of this cake, however favourable as to external 

 appearance, was far from being solid. Towards the leedct 

 it seemed loose and crumbly, and umch oxidated. The 

 grain divided itself into two distinct strata, one of a dense 

 whitish colour, the other large and blueish, containing a 

 number of small specks of great brilliancy. Several irre- 

 gular lines of jiialltable iron pervaded the niasi in various 

 a places. 



