Experimcjils on JJ'oolz. 43 



bars under hand-hammers at a low heat, one of them con- 

 tained a number of cracks and fissures. The fracture was 

 gray, tore out a litlJe in breaking, hut was otherwise yolky 

 and excesriivelv dense. A small bar, of penknife size, was 

 improved greatly in drawing down, and had only one crack 

 in thirteen inches of length. The grain and iracture were 

 both hiolilv improved by this additional labour; the tcna- 

 citv of the steel was creater, aild it stood firmly under the 

 hammer at a bright red heat. 



'I'he other two (quarters of this cake \\ ere squared a little, 

 and successively put under a tilt hammer, of two himdred 

 Aveight, going at the rate of three hundred blows per mi- 

 nute, and drawn into small penknife size. One of the bars 

 from an out.side piece, always the most solid, was entirely 

 free fnmi cracks, and had only one small scale running upon 

 one side. 



These l)ar8 exhibited a touoher break than tho^e drawn 

 by hand ; tlie colour was w hiter, and the grain possessed a 

 jDore regular and silky appearance. 



Forging Nu. ^2. 



One-half of this cake was heated to a scarlet shade, and 

 put under the cutting chisel ; it was at first struck lightly, 

 then reheated, and cut comparatively soft; but a sm^ll crack 

 had over-run the progress of the chisel. Its softness iu 

 cutting was attributed to an evident want of solidity. The 

 other half cake felt harder under the hanmicr, but proved 

 afterwards spongy throua;hout the mass. In the act of cut- 

 ting, a loose pulverized matter was disenoaged from some 

 of the cells, possessed of a shining appearance. 



The fractures obtained in consetjuence of the division of 

 the half cakes presented a Hattish crystallized appearance, 

 jnore^ resembling very white cast iron than >teel capable of 

 being extended under the hannucr. One of llic middle cuts 

 was entirely cellular with cr\stallized interiors, and inca- 

 pable of drawmg ; the corresponding cut of the other half 

 cake was drawn into a straiglit bar three quarters of an incli 

 in breadth and thrce-eighti)s thick, hut was covered with 

 cracks and flaws from end to end. The colour of the break 

 was one sliade Hsriiter than No. 1 ; it tore less out, \vas 

 t()uallv yolky, and possessed on the whole an aspect very 

 unfavourable for good steel. 



The other two outside quarters were also drawn into shape, 

 one under the tilt hammer, and the other by hand. The>e 

 xvcrc more solid in the fracture, possessed fewer surfaoe- 

 cracks, stood a higher deg-rec ot licatj tore out nmre, and 



exhibited 



