234 On the Buds and Rawl/icatioJi^ of Plants. 



which produced them, and som^ modifications in t[\c\v 

 structure, make them, however, he considered as species 

 different from every other. 



In the dicotyledon plants and the herhaceotts monocot yle^ 

 ions the Summit of the root bears durmg the early age of 

 the plant a single bud, named then pbimula. This bud 

 differs from that of the monocotyledon trees, as its deve- 

 lopment is ended before the death of the individual, and is 

 ■followed by other buds, in consequence of the development 

 of which the plant raniifies. The monocotyledon trees 

 produce also secondary bud>, but with this difference, that 

 these buds are pushed out by the primitive bud itself, and 

 that they fade much sooner than that from which they pro- 

 ceeded. 



In annual phnts the development of all the buds of the 

 individual is completed in the space of a year. In the II- 

 ennial plants it is terminated at the end of two years at most. 

 Plants ujitk a vi»ncious root but annual stem push- out every 

 year another bud from the neck of the root : from the de- 

 veloped parts of this principal bud other buds then issue, 

 which nutke the ramifications of the vegetaljle appear. 



Thti hids of the three sorts of plants here mentioned are 

 not all, or very rarelv are, covered with other organs to pro- 

 tect the gerais against the intemperance of the w'eather. 

 Here nature, in general, may dispense with them, because 

 these buds develop themselves in the course of a very short 

 time, and almost always in the best seasons; and the plants, 

 or at least the stems, to which they are indebted for their 

 birth, perish ia the winter, or even sooner. 



hi most of these plants, as uell as in hushes and some 

 shrubs, the buds are small, thin, and pointed, as in the vi- 

 lurnum, the r ha )nnu^ (bucktb.orn), thf heliotrope, the ro;-- 

 ?iel tree, tlie gramineous plants, the artemisia. Sec. 



The licneous dicotyledon plants in general push f(jrtR 

 their buds onlv in sprino:. 'i'heir buds in winter remain in 

 a stale ef inaction, and do not open till the return of 

 spring. From this rule, however, are excluded all trees and 

 bushes called evergreens, a great number of which perpe- 

 tually send forth buds, so that tlie development of the 

 leaves, branches, and even sometimes the llowers, never 

 ceases during the life of these plants. 



Jn almost all the dicotyledon trees and shr?/l'S of the cold 

 end temperate climates, the buds are formed in the eyes of 

 the leaves, and always before the approach of w inter. Bo- 

 tanists consider the most exterior folioles of these buds as 

 aborted folioles, because they are dry and even sometimes 



sonorous 



