18 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL ROSE GROWING. 
the Moss Rose, in Rosa damascena (held by many botanists to 
pe a hybrid between Rosa canina and Rosa gallica, but- kept up 
as a good species by Kew) the damask Rose, in Rosa indica 
the China or Monthly Rose, in Rosa indica borbonieca the Bour- 
bon Rose, in Rosa lutea the Austrian Brier, in Rosa repens 
hybrida the Ayrshire Rose, in Rosa rebiginosa the Sweet Brier 
or Eglantine, in Rose rugosa the Japanese Rose, in Rosa 
sempervirens the Evergreen Rose, and so on. In addi- 
tion to these, however, there are the great sections 
Hybrid Perpetuals, Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Noisettes. . (a) Hy- 
brid Perpetual Roses are varieties resulting from the inter- 
crossing of hybrids of Chinese and Bourbon with Rosa damascena 
hybrids. The exact order is not known. They should bloom 
twice a year, in early summer and in autumn. (b) Tea Roses 
are so called because of their tea scent. They bear the general 
name of Rosa indica odorata. They are more truly perpetual 
than the Hybrid Perpetuals, inasmuch as they bloom con- 
tinuously under good culture. For the most part the flowers are 
smaller and more symmetrical than the Hybrid Perpetuals, 
(References to Fig. 7, page 19.) 
PICTORIAL PRACTICE—PLAIN HINTS IN FEW WORDS, 
FIG. 7—_STOCKS FOR ROSES.—III. SEEDLING BRIER. 
G, one year old plant of seedling Brier or Dog Rose (Rosa canina): @, the 
radicle or descending axis developed into a tap root; y, the lateral or 
side root; z, the collar or point of junction of the descending axis (root 
stem) and the ascending axis (stem above ground) where buds are forming 
which, unless removed, develop into strong growths; a, the central growth ; 
b, the side growths or Jateral shoots. 
H. a two years old transplanted seedling Brier: e, the tap root transformed 
into a spreading root by being shortened to about 6 inches from the © 
collar at the time of transplanting, and being bent to a nearly horizontal 
position; d, the side roots spread out semi-horizontally at planting, 
thus securing a fibrous development near the stem and surface of the 
ground; e, the collar or point from which buds (little reddish knobs) 
were cut off at planting: f, the top of the plant, which has extended and 
pushed side shoots; g, point of budding, always at the collar, it having 
been found by experience that the stock does not thicken equally when 
the junction of stock and scion is below ground. 
I, two years old seedling Brier planted the previous autumn, when the seedling 
had only one weak shoot and a straight down descending tap root with 
a few lateral or side fibres. In planting, a’trench is taken out by line, and 
the plant placed against the bank, with the radical or tap root bent hori- 
zontally, hence the roots are all on one side: #, the root formation ; 4, 
the root stem; j, the collar; %, the central growth; 7, the shoots which 
have sprung from the collar ; m, the point of budding when below ground, 
to which practice some still adhere. 
One of the characteristics of the seedling Brier is a vigorous root growth, 
as compared with top growth in the first, and even second year. A 
fibrous root formation is promoted by shortening the tap root at 
