20 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL ROSH GROWING. 
while there is a preponderance of light colours. Varieties with 
the deep, glowing colours of the Hybrid Perpetuals are rare. 
(c) Hybrid eas are for the most part an entirely modern race of 
cross-breds. They are increasing in numbers and_ popularity: 
(d) Noisettes have descended from a hybrid between Rosa indica 
ap Rosa moschata. They bear their flowers in bunches as a 
rule. 
These are the principal sections. 
3. The stocks.—Roses are sometimes spoken of as (1) “ Manet- 
tis,” or “on the Manetti”; (2) “seedling Briers,” or “on the 
(References to Fig. 8, page 21.) 
J, a straight, clean-stemmed Brier or Dog Rose (Rosa canina) as taken from 
a hedgerow, prepared, and planted: , stem; 0, a slanting cut at the 
desired height for a standard, made just above a joint or promising bud ; 
p, the jagged end of the underground stem or root; g, part,of the under- 
ground root or stolon; 7, a fibrous root, the only one on the stock; s, 
the point of cutting off the end of the jagged rootstem ; ¢, the point 
of detaching the stoloniferous root; «, round reddish knobs on the 
underground stem, which, unless cut off carefully, would develop into 
suckers; v, the depth of planting. 
K, the stock J in the autumn after a year’s growth and working: w, roots 
which have pushed from the rootstem cut; 2, roots from the rootstem ; 
y, the underground portion of the stem free from suckers ; z, the stem 
from which all growths have been rubbed off, except in the case of the 
two uppermost joints, while quite small; a, vigorous shoots, which were 
shortened after the buds were inserted; 6, Rose buds, which have 
‘‘taken”’; ¢, the points of cutting off the Brier shoots. 
L, a Brier with a knob-like rootstem and side branches: d, the rootstock; ¢, 
fibrous roots ; f, a clean cut below the rootstock, where a callus usually 
forms and roots are emitted; g, the point where a stoloniferous root- 
- stem has been cut off ; 4, a shoct produced just above the ground from a 
stem cut off close; i, the side shoots cut close to the stem, but leaving 
the basal buds; 7, the top cut off to a point where side growths are 
desired to issue; 4, the depth of planting. 
M.a Brier trimmed and planted: /, the curled rootstock; m, the strong 
roots shortened ; ”, the fibrous roots, which are carefully retained ; 0, a 
portion of the stem from which buds have been removed ; p, the depth 
of inserting in the soil; g, the top properly cut off at the desired height. 
N, a Brier stock showing the different and usual heights of standards: 7, 4 
feet; s, 3 feet; t, 2 feet; w, 1 foot—the dotted outlines indicating the 
respective growths for budding in due course. 
O, a Brier, trimmed and planted for a 1-foot standard, with the outer stock 
notched to induce rootlets close to the upright stem: v, the part from 
which buds have been carefully cut off; w, the notches. 
P, the result of notching the rootstock : 2, fibres; y, top growths. 
The hedgerow Brier is the only stock so far found suitable for Roses as 
standards. ‘The characteristics of the Dog Rose are a vigorous giowth, 
with very stout curved downward spines, great hardiness, strong and 
relatively few roots, more disposed to extend than to form fibres, and 
still more to produce stoloniferous underground stems and push suckers. 
