40 PICTORIAL PRACTICAL ROSE GROWING. 
In the case of standards, the stake should be regarded as 
indispensable, and put in with the Rose. And let the stake 
be a long one—5 to 6 feet if possible. It should be 18 inches 
in the soil. 
It frequently happens that a Rose tree has most of its roots 
on one side, instead of ina circle round the stem. Shape the hole to 
fit the roots. 
The same root system will very likely be found to exist with 
arch and wall Roses. Here there is no trouble. The com- 
monsense of the planter tells him to turn the side with the 
fewest roots to the support. 
To summarise: Dig deep, plant shallow ; spread the roots, 
close the soil; buy early, plant early, prune early ; win prizes 
early and bank the money early; live long, and plant some 
Roses every year. 
(References to Fig. 18, page 41.) 
H, a one year old Hybrid Perpetual from a cutting, the shoots of which have 
been shortened to about 12 inches: v, a strong root which has taken a 
straight down direction; w, roots which have taken a more or less 
horizontal direction, 2, a root which issued from the base of a shoot; y, 
dormant buds which will ultimately start when the shoots above ground 
are close pruned; z, a shoot produced from a bud below the ground; 
a, shoots made from buds above the ground; 4, depth at which the 
cutting was inserted. 
I, aone year old tree on its own roots, showing the roots shortened and 
spread out laterally, the descending roots having been bent from a verti- 
cal to a horizontal inclination without breaking: ¢, the soil trenched and 
manured ; d, a layer of decayed manure covered with good soil ; e, soil 
made quite firm under, amongst, and over the roots; f, a mulching of 
short manure; g, shoots shortened after planting to prevent displacement 
by wind. 
J, the tree planted with the roots intact: h, a straight down root carefully 
brought by a gentle bend to a horizontal direction ; 7, side roots spread 
out horizontally ; 7, a root from the base of a shoot spread out near the 
surface; k, soil; 7, soil with which the hole is filled; m, a mulching of 
short manure. : 
K, a standard properly planted in the centre of a 2 feet wide circle ona 
lawn : m, prepared soil; 0, a thin layer of manure covered with a little 
fine soil; p, hole; g, mulching; 7, the stake to which the stem is secured ; 
s, grass. [N.B.—A pillar Rose is planted similarly. ] 
L, planting against arch: ¢, subsoil broken up and manure added; u, 
ground trenched and manured in a_half-circle not less than 
2 feet 6 inches wide and 2 feet deep; v, a Rose with its roots spread out 
near the surface ; w, turfreplaced ; w, opening left free from turf not less 
than 1] foot clear from the stem in a halt-circle and mulched with 
short manure; y, gravel path; z, portion of arch. 
