PRUNING WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. 57 
Fig. 24), and will then throw up vigorous shoots, as shown in £. 
The third season’s pruning, by which canes are produced for 
covering the trellis, is shown at i Fig. 25 (p. 59), and the stumps to 
which the trees are reduced when the cutting back has taken 
place are represented at G, 9. 
Pruning Climbers.—William Allen Richardson. 
This favourite Rose, which is only a few degrees less 
popular than Maréchal Niel, succeeds on the cutting back 
system remarkably well when grown in rich soil. With a 
tolerably dry atmosphere, and in very good ground, I have 
known it thrive for years in the open air under that system of 
pruning; but it was always cut badly by hard winters, and in 
very severe weather was cut to the ground. In a sense, 
Nature did the work of the knife, but she did it in winter, 
and, although the plant invariably broke up again from the 
base, there was not time for the new wood to ripen up to 
flowering point in the current year. 
While, however, William Allen Richardson frequently gives 
good results when long pruned like Maréchal Niel, it also gives 
admirable results on a system more calculated to command the 
confidence of timid pruners. The main principle is to secure 
long main branches by cutting a young plant well back, and 
on these long shoots to get shorter ones, which bloom, and are 
cut back to fen wood below the points of flowering after the 
val is gathered. é' 
he details of this principle are explained in Fig. 26 (p. 60) and 
the references thereto. It is open to the grower to make a start 
with a very young plant, such as that represented at A, and 
by judicious shortening to carry it through the successive 
stages B and C to D, which represents a developed plant in 
full flowering condition. The plant may be hard pruned 
(B, d) if there is plenty of side space and a spreading tree is 
wanted, or lightly shortened if side space is scarce and the 
tree is desired to make the most of its growth upward. 
When the tree is in flowering condition, it may be main- 
tained so for many years, other things being right, by shorten- 
ing the flowered shoots to five or six joints, or to ripened wood 
as previously indicated, cutting out entirely, however, all 
weak, soft, and unripe shoots. The tree will not long remain 
floriferous if the main branches are trained very close together, 
or if it is allowed to become crowded with side shoots. With 
sufficient space between the growths for the leaves to have 
full exposure the wood will become ripe, and the tree will 
bloom freely. 
Pruning Climbers.—Gloire de Dijon. 
Gloire de Dijon remains, and is likely to remain, one of the 
most popular of garden Roses. It is not often seen at shows, 
