LOBLOLLY OR NORTH CAROLINA PINE. 99 



Sucli logs are largely second logs in Quality III stands; some third and 

 even fourth logs from large trees in first and second quality stands may, 

 however, be of this grade, or they may be butt logs from trees in young 

 or old field stands which were not sufficiently crowded and have coarse- 

 grained centers. The f. o. b. value at Norfolk of lumber which is 

 sawed from Grade 2 logs is from $21.66 per 1,000 board feet for lumber 

 from 7-incli logs to $28.64 per 1,000 feet for lumber from 27-inch logs. 

 It is evident from a comparison of the value of the lumber cut from this 

 grade and Grade 1 logs that small defects have little influence upon the 

 A^alue of large logs. (Plate XII, B.) 



Grade 3. Logs surface sound and free from large knots, but having 

 small knots on one side or at one end of the log. In forest-grown timber 

 logs of this grade are chiefly cut from just below the base of the crown, 

 or in open stands they may come from a lower portion of the stem. 

 The f. o. b. value of lumber which is sawed from Grade 3 logs is from 

 $17.50 per 1,000 board feet for lumber from 6-inch logs to $25 for 

 lumber from 30-inch logs. (Plate XII, A and B.) 



Grade Jf. Logs partly from the crown and partly from the stem 

 below it. One end or one side of the log free from very large knots and 

 red heart. The f. o. b. value at Norfolk of lumber from Grade 4 logs 

 is $15 per 1,000 board feet for lumber from 6-inch logs to $19 per 1,000 

 feet board measure for lumber from 22-inch logs. (Plate XII, A.) 



Grade 5. Logs sound but having; coarse knots (1 to 2 inches in 

 diameter) throughout. They lie entirely within the crown or come 

 from extremely knotty trees which have grown in open stands. The 

 f. o. b. value at Norfolk of lumber from Grade 5 logs is from $14 to $17 

 per 1,000 board feet, according to the diameter of the log. No. 5 grade 

 logs cut 95 per cent and over No. 4 grade and cvill lumber and less 

 than 5 per cent all other grades. Top logs of trees under 25 inches in 

 diameter breasthigh are usually of this grade (see Table 55). Such logs 

 on account of the knots yield no bark strips. 



Red heart Jogs. — These come chiefly from the middle and uj^per parts 

 of the stems of trees more than 100 years old, occasionally the lower 

 end of butt logs is affected with red heart. The average f. o. b. value 

 at Norfolk of lumber from red heart logs is about $18 per 1,000 board 

 feet, the value varying but little with the diameter because of the larger 

 proportion of redheart in large logs than in small logs. The average 

 f. 0. b. value for logs of all grades is based on the price at Norfolk. 



Cull logs were not taken. These come chiefly from the tops of trees 

 25 inches or more in diameter which have very large knots 3 inches and 

 more in diameter, and cut out 50 per cent or more cull lumber. They 

 would add about 5 per cent to the volume of these trees. (The logs in 

 the crovsm of tree in Plate VII would be cull logs; also, see Plate XIX.) 



The amount and per cent of grades sawed from butt, second, third and 

 top logs of trees in tM'o different stands are given in Tables 55 and 56. 



