CYPRIPEDIUM. 153 
the Blessed Virgin. C. Calceolus has a similar name in 
all European languages; the North American species are 
known as ‘“ Mocassin Flowers.’ 
The pouch has considerable influence upon the fertilisation 
of the flower. Sir John Lubbock, speaking of C. longifolium, 
says: ‘The opening into the slipper is small, and partly 
closed by the stigma and the shield-like body which lies 
between the two anthers. The result is that the opening 
into the slipper has a horseshoe-like form, and that bees 
or other insects which have once entered the slipper have 
some difficulty in getting out again. While endeavouring 
to do so, they can hardly fail to come in contact with the 
stigma, which lies under: the shield-like representation of 
the middle anther. As the margins of the lip are inflected, 
the easiest exit is at the two ends of the horseshoe-like 
opening, through which the insect generally escapes; in 
doing this, however, it almost inevitably comes in contact 
with and carries off some of the pollen from the corre- 
sponding anther. The pollen of this genus is immersed 
in a viscid fluid, by means of which it adheres firstly to 
the insect, and secondly to the stigma, while in most Orchids 
it is the stigma that is viscid.” 
Several botanists have separated the South American 
species from Cypripedium on account of slight differences 
in the structure of the seed-vessel, and also in habit. For 
these the name Selenipedium is proposed; but for garden 
purposes there does not appear to be any good reason for 
this division: consequently, we have included here those 
plants which are sometimes called Selenipedium or Urope- 
dium in the genus Cypripedium. 
The genus Cypripedium is very widely distributed: “ great 
numbers of species occur in both the Old and New World, 
in the ice-bound woods of Canada and Siberia, the warm 
glades of Mexico and Nepal, and in the torrid regions of 
