at 40 centavos per day, may give some idea of the approximate cost 

 of cultivating 1 hectare of land. In estimating these costs an en- 

 deavor has been made to approximate what is customarily paid through- 

 out NegroS;, rather than to give figures representing extremely economical, 

 successful management, or the "reverse. The data on which they are 

 based were nearly all secured at first hand from the planters themselves, 

 and as some of them comprise confidential information concerning par- 

 ticular haciendas, it has been deemed best to omit altogether any state- 

 ment of the sources from which my information was derived. 



Estimate of the approximate cost of plowing, planting, and caring for 1 hectare 

 of land already tinder cultivation from the time the field is burned until the 

 cane is ready for cutting, based on the cost of labor at the rate of 40 centavos 

 per day, no charge being made for work animals, implements, or supervision. 



Nature of work performed. 



Number of 

 carabao- 



days 

 required. 



Preliminary cleaning off of trash from the field 



First plowing 



Second plowing 



Third plowing 



Two harrowings between plowings 



Fourth plowing, including preparation of furrows for 



planting 



Cutting 30,000 cane tops for seed . 



Hauling seed to canal or deposit 



Husking seed 



Hauling seed to field 



Planting 30,000 seed 



First weeding (with hoe) 



Replanting of 5 per cent of seed which failed to sprout 



"Pahulug" (two furrows between rows) 



Second weeding (with hoe) 



"Pasandig" (three furrows between rows) 



"Pahulug" (two furrows between rows) 



Third weeding (with hoe) 



"Pasaca" (final plowing of four furrows between rows) 



Total 



Number of 

 man-days 

 required. 



Cost in 

 Philippine 

 currency. 



117 



Pesos. 

 1.60 

 3.60 

 2.40 

 1.60 

 1.20 



2.40 

 4.00 

 1.20 

 1.60 

 1.20 

 4.00 

 4.80 

 0.80 

 1.60 

 4.80 

 2.00 

 1.60 

 4.00 

 2.40 



46.80 



The above refers to the cost of plant cane only. Although no accurate 

 data are available on the subject, it is a safe estimate that fully one-half 

 of all the sugar produced in Negi'os comes from the so-called "kalaanang" 

 or ratoons. If a field is allowed to grow for a second year without 

 replanting, the cost of caring for it is, of course, diminished by the 

 amount ordinarily spent on the preliminary plowing, cutting of seed, 

 and planting. The cost of cultivating a ratoon crop would then be 

 about as follows: 



