114 



to Iloilo, as has already been stated, is effected in lorchas — small, flat- 

 bottomed schooners especially built for this trade, of very light draft, 

 and having a capacity of 100 tons or less — the freight rate varying, 

 according to distance, between 15 and 30 centavos per picul (2.37 

 to 4.74 pesos per metric ton) and averaging 20 centavos per picul (3.1G 

 pesos per metric ton). Once in Iloilo, the sugar is taken in charge 

 by the planter's agents, who attend to the discharging, weighing, clas- 

 sifying, repacking, etc., and either sell it at the market rate, or store 

 it subject to orders in their warehouses. 



Cost of shipping the sugar to Iloilo and selling it there. — The ex- 

 penses ordinarily incurred in disposing of the sugar after it leaves the 

 hacienda, reduced as nearly as possible to average distances and costs, 

 are summarized in the accompanying table : 



Estimate of the approximate cost of transporting sugar from a plantation on the 

 Island of Negros to the city of Iloilo and there selling it, charges being quoted 

 in Philippine currency per picul and per metric ton. 



Item. 



Per picul. 



Transportation to the lorcha landing and loading ' Pesos. 



aboard the lorcha 0.10 



Freight from Negros to Iloilo . 20 



Discharging in Iloilo .015 



Replacing 15 per cent of damaged bags (material) ' .02 



Labor of repacking .04 



Weighing .008 



Receiving in agent's warehouse . 01 



Agent's commission (2 per cent of selling price) . 14 



Total .533 



Per met- 

 ric ton. 



Pesos. 



1.58 



3.16 



.24 



.32 



.64 



.13 



.16 



2.22 



8.45 



QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS TO DETERMINE THE WEIGHT OF SUGAR PRO- 

 DUCED FROM A GIVEN WEIGHT OF CANE 



Although by comparative analyses of cane and bagasse it is possible 

 to determine with considerable accuracy the percentage extraction of 

 juice by a mill, without weighing either the cane ground or the juice 

 and bagasse produced, and while a knowledge of the composition of 

 the juice affords a means of approximating the yield of sugar which 

 might be produced therefrom, it has heretofore not been practicable in 

 ISTegros, owing to the lack of any large scales for weighing cane, actually to 

 determine the yield in practice^ After several unavailing attempts in 

 other places to determine this yield, I was finally enabled through the 

 courtesy of the owners and the manager of the hacienda San Jose, San 

 Carlos, to make two complete chemical controls of the mill at this 



