102 PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE. 
while the other division of the tank is receiving its charge 
of juice. 
Water should previously have been turned into the evap- 
orating range to start with, and a strong fire of dry wood 
kindled in the furnace. When the water has begun to boil 
in the lower pans, admit the tempered juice from the tank 
in a continuous stream.~ The conduit L will convey it to 
the head of the pan A. At the same time open partially 
the gate P. The simple and effective manner in which the 
clarification is accomplished, and in which the boiling 
juice itself is made to do the work of skimming, may then 
be seen at a glance. The successful working of this part 
of the apparatus, however, is limited by certain conditions 
which should here be noted. 
From the rear of the pan A, two abutments or ledges 
SS extend along its bottom for about two-thirds of its 
length, toward the front. ‘This pan projects over the 
sides and front of the furnace wall, and the abutments 
must be so placed as to stand directly over the inner 
face of the side walls, and terminate just over the end 
wall of the furnace. That portion of this pan, there- 
fore, which is situated between the abutments is ex- 
posed to the full heat of the fire, while the remainder is 
comparatively cool. The flow of juice into the pan must 
always be duly regulated by the rapidity with which it is 
heated, defecated, and finally discharged through the gate P 
into the next division or pan B. The bed of juice in the pan 
A should be kept at a uniform depth of about half an inch, 
and then a sheet of rapidly boiling juice will overspread 
the whole eentral space between the abutments. The sur- 
face of the boiling liquid throughout this space is conse- 
quently much elevated, while toward the front of the pan, 
and within the bays or scum receptacles R R at the sides, 
it is not heated. A surface current is created which carries 
