THE PKAIKIES 229 



grove, located near "Whiting, Iowa, in the northeast corner of 

 section 25, township 85 north, range 46 west. This grove con- 

 sists chiefly of soft maple, and was planted in 1865 on the 

 " Whiting ridge," a slight, well-drained swell on the great 

 alluvial plain bordering the ^Missouri river. This area was cov- 

 ered with a typical prairie flora, evidence of which is still abund- 

 ant in the vicinity. Within the grove itself the prairie flora has 

 entirely disappeared, cultivation and the light factor probably 

 being in large part responsible, and in its place there appears a 

 typical forest flora consisting of the following plants: 



1. Species with fruits and seeds fleshy or edible. 



Amphicarpa monoica (L.) Ell. Eare. 



Evonymus atropurpureus Jacq. 



Fragaria virginiana Diiches. 



Menispermum canadense L. 



Moms rubra L. 



Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene. 



Rhus toxicodendron L. 



Ribes gracile ^lichx. 



Rubus occidentalis L. 



Vitis vulpina L. 



Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. 



2. Species with fruits hur-Iike. 



Arctium minus Bernh. (not native.) 

 Galium aparine L. 

 Lappula virginiana (L.) Ell. 

 Sanicula marilandica Miehx. 



3. Species with fruits provided with icings or pappus. 



Acer negundo L. l 



Eupatorium purpureum L. 



Eupatorium urticaefolium L. 



Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Bookh.) Sarg. 



Lactuca floridana (L.) Gaertn. 



Ulmus americana L. 



4. Species with small light seeds or fruits. 



Cryptotaenia canadensis L. 



( (Occurring in our territory both 

 Plantago Rugelii Dee. < . . , . ' , 



i on praine and m open -woods.) 



Urtica gracilis Ait. 

 As the grove was originally planted from seed the possibility 

 of the introduction of other forest plants at the time of plant- 



