THE PKAIEIES 231 



The Iowa Academy of Sciences generously loaned plates III, 

 IV and XI. 



Bibliography 



The bibliography of the origin of the prairies is very varied 

 both in character and quality. The extent of the discussions also 

 varies greatly. In some cases a mere direct statement of cause 

 is given, in others a more elaborate argument is presented, and 

 between these extremes various intermediate grades occur. 



The list here presented is by no means complete, but it wiU 

 serve as a fair index of the varied treatment which the subject 

 has received. 



In order that historic sequence and relation may be better pre- 

 sented the references are arranged chronologically, and in con- 

 nection with each one a brief statement suggesting the author's 

 conclusion is presented. It should not be inferred however that 

 these suggestions always fully and clearly set forth the views 

 of the respective authors, and the papers themselves should be 

 consulted. 



1818 — Atwater, Caleb. — On the Prairies and Barrens of the West. — Am. 



Journal of Science and Arts, 1st series, vol. I. pp. 116-12.5. Lakes 



and undrained places, not fires. 

 —Wells, E. W. — On the Origin of the Prairies.— Am. Journal of 



Science and Arts, vol. I, 1st series, pp. 331-337. Fire. 

 1820 — Bourne, A. — On the Prairies and Barrens of the West. — Am. Jour- 

 nal or Science and Arts, 1st series, vol. II. pp. 30-34. Prairies 



by -water, barrens by fire. 

 1833 — Nutt, Dr. Eush. — On the Origin, Extension and Continuance of 



Prairies. — Am. Journal of Science and Arts. 1st series, vol. 



XXIII, pp. 40-45. (See also pp. .58 and .59.) Prairies arise from 



"the influence of a cane-brake; and secondly from wind and 



fire." Tornadoes. 

 1834— McGuire, W. W.— On the Prairies of Alabama.— Am. Journal of 



Science and Arts, 1st series, vol. XXTS'I, pp. 93-98. Formed by sea. 

 1836— Western :Monthly Magazine. See McGuire (?) (1838)*. 

 1837 — Ellsworth, H. L. — Illinois in 1S37. Prairies, pp. 11-15; barrens, 



pp. 15-16. Chiefly fires. 

 1838 — Jones, George. — Some observations in Holland, connected with our 



Prairie region. — Am. Journal of Science and Arts, 1st series, 



vol. XXX 111, pp. 226-230. Soil cause of prairies, sand of barrens. 

 — Xo author, (McGuire. W. W. f) Prairies of Ohio. — ^Am. Journal 



of Science and Arts, 1st series, vol. XXXIII, pp. 230-236. (Ee- 



