THE PEAIEIES 233 



by Xewberrv, Geological Survey of Ohio, vol, I, p. 31. Sjiiopsis 

 in Annual of Scientific Discovery for 1860. Mainly rainfall. 



1862— Whitney, J. D.— Eeport of the Geological Survey of the State of 

 Wisconsin, vol. I. — Xot absence of moisture, but physical con- 

 dition of the soil, p. 114. 

 — Owen, Richard. — Keport of a Geological Eeconnoissance of Indiana. 



Water, pp. 228, 229. 

 — Englemann, Henry. — Eemarks upon the causes producing - - - - 

 Prairies, Flats and Barrens in Southern Illinois. — Am. .Journal 

 of Science and Arts, 2nd series, vol. XXXYI. Imperfect drain- 

 age, chilling of soil by evaporation. Water prevents oxygen 

 from reaching roots, p. 387. Fineness of soil accessory cause, 

 p. 388. Western prairies due to the deficiency of moisture, and 

 in places to excess of salts, p. 389. Fires, p. 389. Closely 

 packed soil, pp. 391-392. 



1863 — Dana, James D. — Manual of Geology, 1st edition, p. 46. Winds, 

 temperature and topography. 



1864 — Winchell, Alexander. — On the Origin of Prairies of the Talley of 

 the Mississippi. — Am. Journal of Science and Arts, 2nd series, 

 vol. XXXVIII, pp. 332-344. Origin lacustrine. Humidity and 

 sourness of soil. 

 — Marsh, George P. — Man and Xature. (See Marsh, 1898). 



1865 — Desor, E. — Correspondence, in Lesquereaux's "On the Origin and 

 Formation of Prairies." — Am. Journal of Science and Arts, 2nd 

 series, vol. XXXIX. Deep waters, — sea. p. 322. 



1865-6 — Lesquereaux, Leo. — On the Origin and Formation of Prairies. — 

 Am. Journal of Science and Arts, 2nd series, vol. XXXIX, 186.5, 

 pp. 317-327; and vol. XL, 1866, pp. 23-31. Prairies formed by 

 gradual draining of swamps, ponds and lakes. 



1866 — Worthen, A. H. — Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. I, pp. 9-10. — 

 ( Eeprinted in Economic Geology of Illinois, vol. I. 1882, pp. 

 7-8.) Topography of the prairie. 

 — LescLuereaux, Leo. — On the Origin and Formation of Prairies. 



Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. I, pp. 238-2.54. Lake beds. 

 — Dana, James D. — On the Origin of the Prairies. — Am. Journal of 

 Science and Arts, 2nd series, vol. XL, pp. 293-304. Prevalence 

 of moisture. 

 — Fendler, A. — On Prairies. — Am. Journal of Science and Arts, 2nd 

 series, vol. XLI, pp. 154 et seq. Fires. 



1868 — White, C. A. — The Lakes of Iowa. — Past and Present. — American 

 Xaturalist, vol. II, pp. 143-155. Not great lakes, but fire. 



1869 — Foster, J. W. — The Mississippi Valley: its Physical Geography. 

 The origin of prairies, pp. 71-140. Moisture, pp. 71. 109. Xot 

 peat growth, p. 73. Xot texture of soil, p. 76. Xot annual burn- 

 ings, p. 76. 

 — Sternberg, Dr. G. M. — The Plains of Kansas. — American Xaturalist, 

 vol. ni, p. 162. Fire. 



VOL. VI 1. 17 



