234 NATUEAL HISTOEY BULLETIN 



1870 — ^White, C. A. — Geological Survey of Iowa, vol. I, pp. 131-133, and 

 p. 363. Not soils, but fire. 

 — White, C. A. — Geological Survey of Iowa, vol. II. Timber on south 



side of east and west streams, p. 80. Fires, p. 161. 

 — Allen, J. A. — The Flora of the Prairies. — American Naturalist, 

 vol. IV, Fires, p. 584. 

 1871 — Allen, J. A. — The Fauna of the Prairies. — American Naturalist, 

 vol. V, pp. 4-9. Fires. 

 — White, C. A. — Prairie Fires. — American Naturalist, vol. V, 1871, 

 pp. 68-70. Describes prairie fires. 

 1873 — Newberry, J. S. — Origin of the Prairies. — Geological Survey of 

 Ohio, vol. I, part 1, pp. 26-31. Alternately too wet and too dry. 

 Deficiency of precipitated moisture. Eainfall and soil. 

 — Shaw, James. — Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. V. Origin of the 

 prairies, pp. 10-14. Discusses various causes, but concludes that 

 soils are most potent. Also topography and flora of prairie in 

 reports on Jo Daviess (p. 26), Ogle (p. 106), Bureau (p. 172) and 

 Henry (p. 192) counties. These are reprinted in Worthen's 

 Economic Geology of Illinois, vol. Ill, 1882, on pp. 21, 106, 167 

 and 185, respectively. 

 — ^Winchell, Alexander. — Prairies and Their Treelessness. Sketches 

 of Creation, pp. 264-272. Lacustrine. 

 1874 — Marsh, George P. — Man and Nature, 2nd ed. (See Marsh, 1898). 

 1875 — Andreas' Atlas of Iowa. — Fire, pp. 344, 388, 410. Chiefly based on 

 White's report (1870). 

 — Broadhead, G. C. — Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. VI. Topogra- 

 phy and flora of the prairie discussed in reports on Fayette 

 (p. 477), Montgomery (p. 490), Effingham (p. 520), Moulferie 

 (p. 530), Macon (pp. 534, 536), and Piatt (p. 541) counties. 

 Eeprints in Worthen's Economic Geology of Illinois, vol. Ill, 

 1882, on pp. 137, 149, 175-176, 185, 190 and 194-195, respectively. 

 — Dana, James D. — Manual of Geology, 2nd edition, p. 45. Same as 

 1st edition, 1863, p. 46. 

 1876 — Winchell, Alexander. — Treelessness of Prairies. — In Cochrane 's 

 Centennial History of Mason County (Illinois). Origin lacus- 

 trine, p. 70. 

 — Whitney, J. D. — Plain, Prairie and Forest. — -American Naturalist, 

 vol. X, pp. 577-588, and 656-667.— Not rainfall, nor fires, nor 

 wind, but fineness of soil. 

 — McAfee, H. H. — Proceedings of the American Forestry Association. 



Southwest drying winds, p. 555. 

 — Hinrichs, Gustavus. — First Annual Eeport of Iowa Weather Sta- 

 tion. Eeport of the Iowa State Agricultural Society, p. 286. 

 Greatest forest surface where most rain. 

 1878 — McGee, W. J. — Proceedings of the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, 1st series, vol. XXVII. Loess usually 

 covered with timber, drift with grasses, p. 198 (reprint p. 5.) 



