XOR'III AMKRIL'AN PARASl'I'IC KXOASCE.E. 



99 



things are needed to complete their Hfe-history. Here belono- 

 the following species formerly put in the genvis Taphriiia. 



j\Iao-)iu<.icUa potent illiC (Farlow | Sadeb. 

 3f(io^-iiiis?cna ffcrvii { l^'arlovv ) Sadeb. 



From this classiticalion some species are omitted liitherto 

 considered American. h'or example. Jixociscus to<quiiictii 

 West which Sadebeck claims onl\- causes leaf and sprout de- 

 formation (llexenbesen ) of Alnus species, and which has not 

 been observed here; E.\oa:>cii:i r///// De Bar\'. in part absorbed 

 by a European form, Taphriini >adcl)cckii johanson, (causing" 

 spots on Alnus lea\es ) in part by Exoascu^^ tos(/iiiiict// ( West ) 

 Sadeb. and in part bv Exoasriis aiiioitonini Sadeb. which is 

 the cause of the affection of Alnus catkins frequent in Amer- 

 ica. Exocjsa/s to^cjninctii ( West. ) Sadeb. also absorbs TapJi- 

 rina ahiitorqiia Tul. 



x\ description of each species that f have examined follows, 

 with a chronological arrangement of its SNUonymy and bibli- 

 ograph\'. 



I. EXOASCUS. Fiickcl. 

 ExoAscus PRUNi Fiickcl. Plate I. Fig. i. 

 Bibl. and S\'n. : 

 KxtniM'iis pniiii Fuckel "6i. 



P'arlow '76. S;icc;irdo 'S<;. 



Trelease '84, (pp. ?| Ilalsted '9^, pp. 



Bessej '86. Ellis & Everhart '93. 

 •Scrihner '87. 



Taphrimi pnini Tulasne ''66. 



Robinson "87, pp. llalsied "92. 



Ellis '89 (pp. :-) llalNtfd My. "92. 



Smith '91. 



It has been customary until a recent date to consider this 

 species the cause of the '-pocket formations" upon all fruits, 

 wild or cultivated, but by the present classification it is Hmited 

 for hosts to Pnnnis donicstic(7 and Pniiiiis viro-iniaiia in 

 America. The disease is very wide spread and destructive. 



