226 NATURAL HISTORY BULLETIN. 



grains become more or less cemented at and near the surface. 

 * * * At a large proportion of the localities * * * 

 the sandstone is so far indurated as to admit of being taken 

 out in blocks." 



This description applies equally well to the exposures in 

 Winneshiek county. The sandstone is usually so easily eroded 

 that the bases of the exposures are buried in a broad talus of 

 sand* upon which a scant sandy soii is held in place by the 

 scattered vegetation. Upon this sandy talus, and upon the 

 more or less projecting ledges of sandstonef and the thin sandy 

 soil which here and there appears upon their upper surfaces, 

 an interesting flora is established. It is noteworthy because 

 it adds five species of flowering plants and one fern to the 

 hitherto known flora of the state, but its chief interest lies in 

 its relationship to peculiar local floras in remote portions of 

 the state, and in the fact that it is made up in part of com- 

 mon plants belonging normally to other habitats but which 

 have here established themselves in very much reduced sizes. 



The new state records are the following: 



Woodsia ilvensis (L-) R. Br. This widely distributed north- 

 erly species, long known from Minnesota and Wisconsin, was 

 found in considerable numbers at two localities northeast 

 from Hesper, in both cases on northerly exposures. 



Polygonum douglasii Greene. Very common on sandy talus 

 northeast from Hesper. 



Polygonum camporum Meisn. Rare. The species also occurs 

 westward in the state, but has heretofore been confused with 

 Polygonum ramosissimum Mx. 



Aronia nigra (Willd.) Britt. In crevices of rock at one 

 point, only, northeast from Hesper. (See Plate II). 



Primus pumila L. This was associated with the preceding 

 species. It has been reported from southwestern Wisconsin.* 



Rubus bailcyanus Britton. Rare. On ledges northeast from 

 Hesper. 



*See Plate I. 



tSee Plates II and III. 



*L. H. Pammel; la. Acad. Sci., vol. I, pt. II, p. 78; 1892. 



