348 NATURAL HISTORY BULLETIN. 



descriptions of specific exposures which can, therefore, be 

 definitely discussed. 



It is evident from Professor Calvin's own words that he did 

 not regard the Page county deposit as loess, for he states that 

 " unlike loess it contains pebbles and pockets of sand," and in 

 private conversation he pronounced this deposit equivalent to 

 the member of this series which is designated as " gumbo " 

 in this and the following papers. 



The possibility of the derivation of the material reported by 

 Bain from some higher deposit of the same kind has already 

 been noted (see p. 342), and too much stress should not be 

 placed on the occurrence of such material in the loess in an 

 isolated instance, unless all such doubt is removed. 



The Loveland exposure, discussed by Udden, has certainly 

 been misunderstood by Professor Winchell. The writer re- 

 cently made an examination of this exposure, and was able to 

 confirm Professor Udden's observations, though with some 

 modifications. There are two loesses, separated more or less 

 distinctly by a narrow dark band, and both are fossiliferous, 

 though unequally so. The lower loess, however, does not 

 rest directly on drift. Professor Udden evidently recognized 

 the fact for he says that "it is possible that the lower, darker 

 division corresponds to the gumbo in other localities." He 

 evidently did not intend to include in the loess all that lies 

 between the drift and the dark band between the two loesses, 

 for this portion is clearly divisible into a lower part, which is 

 the gumbo referred to, and an upper part which is certainly 

 loess. The sequence of deposits in the Loveland bluff, begin- 

 ning at its base, is as follows: A blue clay, probably pre- 

 Kansan, two feet at the very base of the bluff; Kansan drift, 

 about forty feet; gumbo, about twenty feet; lower loess, 

 about twenty feet; a dark inter-loessial band, from one to three 

 quarters of an inch; upper loess, probably fifty feet. The 

 gumbo is wholly devoid of fossils, so far as the writer could 

 discover after careful search. It contains pebbles, especially 

 in its lower part, large calcareous nodules in its basal portions, 

 and a few small nodules in its upper part. It is darker in 



