Process for Dyeing the Adrlanople or Turkey Red. 0" 



is left till Monday, when it is washed, dried, re-immersed in 

 this oily emulsion or saponaceous mass, and again suspended 

 inthe air. The same operation is repeated on Tuesday for 

 the third time. The four following days it is washed four 

 times in lye made of a solution of pure soda. After that it 

 receives the first tint of olive green with the leaves of su- 

 mach (r/ms cothrus) : 123 lb. of these leaves (fur which nut- 

 galls may be substituted) to about 140 gallons of water, 

 boiled in a cauldron, are sufficient for 330lbs. of cotton varn. 

 To this decoction, after being well boiled, strained, and the 

 boiler cleaned of all extraneous matter, are added 33 lbs. of 

 alum. The yarn is then divided into skains, and placed in 

 little pots or saucers in this boiler and boiled ; after which it 

 is sufficiently prepared for the red dye. To prepare this bath, 

 take 33 lb. of madder roots (rubia tinclorum), ground, to 

 each 33 lbs. of yarn (less madder will do if it he of the 

 best quality). The madder is then kneaded in about seven 

 quarts of blood, with which it is well boiled in the cauldron : 

 the yarn is afterwards immersed in this boiled colour, and the 

 boiling continued until it is well penetrated by the colourins' 

 particles. The coloured stuff is then dried) and afterwards 

 put into pots full of weak alkaline ley, in which it is slightly 

 boiled. In this latter process the alkaline liquor is constantly 

 kept of equal strength by the addition of fresh lye being regu- 

 larly added. The cotton yarn, when cleaned and dried, is then 

 found perfectly dyed. This series of operations generally con- 

 tinues 21 days. It is said that the Turks, to give it a brighter 

 or deeper colour, finish by plunging it again in an oily emul- 

 sion, and that they leave it to dry under a press. They also 

 use oil of olives instead of fish oil. Iri general, all unctuous 

 or greasy fluids, that will lather perfectly with a solution of 

 soda, are equally proper for this dye. The madder which has 

 small roots is considered the best. Thirty-three poui 

 kelp or crude soda (kalakar) are generally enough for a 

 boiler containing 140 gallons of water. To dye 40 lbs. of 

 cotton, take 15 lbs. of sumach, 4 lbs. of alum, 53 lbs. offish 

 oil, 40 lbs. of crude soda or kelp, 40lbs. of madder, two 

 cauldrons and four alkaline v i 



.111. Ac- 



