46 On the Stratification of England, 



essential to make, and which relates to the truly enormous 

 and violent breaking up, which the strata have almost uni- 

 versally undergone (probably owing to their gravity under 

 the circumstances above alluded to), the effects of which 

 are well known to minersj and to all others who extensively 

 open the soil in directions nearly horizontal, by the name 

 of faults, troubles, dykes, fissures, &c* &c. 



I was led, Sir, on the present occasion, to make the above 

 remarks, from having lately, for the sake of information, 

 visited the works going on near the Horse Ferry, in Rother- 

 hithe, (about 8f miles below London Bridge) for making an 

 archway under the Thames river, intended for the passage 

 of horses and carriages, in case, on executing the perpen- 

 dicular shaft, now in hand, and a drift or drain therefrom 

 under the river, it shall be judged practicable at this place 

 to tunnel and form an archway under its bed, upon a suf- 

 ficiently high level for carriages to descend down into it, 

 and ascend again at the opposite end, by sloping roads of 

 easy and convenient lengths. Should the result of the 

 present experiment appear against a carriage archway at 

 the Horse Ferry, it is still hoped by Mr. Robert Fctzie, the 

 projector and superintendant of the works, that a smaller 

 arch may be here formed under the bed of the river, at 

 a depth not inconvenient to foot-passengers, who are to 

 descend to the same by a circular or well staircase at one 

 end, and ascend by the like means from the other end. Mr. 

 Vazie, with a liberality highly creditable to himself and to 

 those who employ him, showed me the plans and sections 

 of the proposed works, and of the borings which he made, 

 together with specimens of some of the matters obtained 

 thereby, at different depths on each side of the river at this 

 place. These were denominated as follows : viz. 



On the South Side. On the North side. 



Feet. 



6 From high water level to 



the surface of the ground. 

 9 Brown clay. Feet. (Below high-water mark.) 



21 Gravel. 12 Gravel. 



19 Strong blue clay. 33 Strong blue clay. 



55~ 45 



8 Chalk. 



