[ I70 } . 



XXXTI. Obfervathns on ^laddering ; together iv'ith ajimple 

 and cerlatH ProcrJ's for obtaining, luith great Benntj and 

 Fixity, that Co/our knozv?i under the name of the Turkej' or 

 Adrianojdc Red. iry J . M . H A u S s M A N N * . 



X HAVE alrcadv indicated, in the Annates de Cl.nmie\ and 

 the Journal de i'hyji'juc, that earths and mi-tallic oxides: have 

 more or lefs the property of attractinjj and retaining the 

 colouring parts of vegetable and animal fubflances ; alumine 

 and the oxide of iron pofleTs it in a greater degree tlian the 

 oxide of tin ; but the aitraftive force of the latter far furp-ifles 

 that of the other eaiths and nietalhc oxides in regard to the 

 colouring parts of the fajd fubiianee^. 



Alumine and metaliic oxides do not retain, with the fame 

 force of adheiion, the colouring parts of all animal and vege- 

 table fubitances iniiifcnmmateiv ; ihat of madder adheres 

 much ftronger than tliofe of ihe other colouring Jubilances, 

 which may be ciaffed in the following order : kermes, co- 

 chineal,* logwood, yellow India wood, woad, quercitron, 

 Erazii wood, red India wood, vellow berries, &c. The gall- 

 But, fhumac, and other a(trin<rent colouring fubftances, aA 

 principallv bv means of the gallic acid, and, in reoard to their 

 degree of fixity, may be placed immediately after madder : 

 the cafe is not the fame with the PruOic acid, which commu- 

 nicates a colour to diflerent metallic oxides, from which it can 

 be feparated cold by alkaline leys. 



To judge of the iixity of colours aridng from animal and 

 vegetable fubfrances, the bell method is to employ a ley ot 

 oxygenated muriate of potafli or foda, with excels of alkaline 

 carbonate. The longer or fhorter refiftance which the colours 

 make in this ley, will iiidicate what they will niake when 

 acid, alkaline, faponaceous, and other reagents arc employed. 



In the art of dyeing, and that of cotton-printing, the name 

 of maddering is given to that procefs by which the cdlouring 

 parts of madJer are transferred, by means of water with the 

 aid of heat, to alumine, or to the oxide of iron fixed in any- 

 kind of ftuft'. 



* FroiTi the Annates de Ch'ivih, No. 122. 



^ We muft ht-rc mention, that C. Ch. ptal, miniftcr of the interior, a 

 pood judge in matters of ihis kind, when he comnumciitcd to lis thefe 

 oblcivations, wrote as follows : " C. Hauflmanii, manuf fturer of primed 

 cottons at Laglebach, near Colmar, in the department of the Upper Rhine, 

 well known among thofe cheiTiifts who apply the difcoveries of iirience to 

 improvements in the aits, tranfmittrd to me the annexed memoir. In my 

 op'iiion ii will be of utility 10 make it known in your Annals, and the 

 aM.hor on my reqiieft haS conllnted to its being pubhllied." l<ote of th: 

 Ediwis of I be Amiales dc Chinnc. 



The 



