On Indian Dogs. 139 



however, has been paid to this fubieft. EfTenlial differences 

 between the flruClure of the wulf and the dogs (I mean the 

 common dogs of the old world, for I know not that any ana- 

 tomift has hitherto infpecled the ftru6lure of the Indian dog 

 of America) have been dilcovered; differences fo effential, 

 that I think they forbid the idea that the wolf and the dog 

 are one and the fame fpecies. I do not, however, deny that 

 the pure unmixed wolf has, in fome countries, been reduce4 

 to the domeftic ftate of the dog. But I think it more pro- 

 bable, that even thofe dogs, which are moil nearly allied to 

 the wolf, are hybrids, begotten between this animal and fome 

 other fpecies of the genus. 



II. From their agreement in internal (Irufture, It Is much 

 more probable that the jackal or fchakal (the can is aureus) is 

 one of the principal original Ilocks 01 the dogs of the old 

 world. Profeffor Gueldenltaedt has remarked, that the ccecum 

 of the jackal " entirely agrees in form with that of a dog, 

 and differs from that of the wolf and fox." " I may add 

 (fays Mr. Pennant, whofe words I have been ufing), that 

 there is the fame agreement in the teeth with thofe of a dog, 

 and the fame variation in them from thofe of the two other 

 animals*." Moreover, in his manners the commoa dog is 

 much more allied to the jackal than he is to the wolf, or to 

 any other animal with which we are acquainted. If then 

 this animal, and not the wolf, be the principal parent of the 

 dog kind, the fpeculations of Mr. Zimmermann ought to 

 have little weight in eftablifliing the pofition, that the con- 

 tinents of America are a new creation, and their inhabitants 

 new poffeffors of the foil. For, I think the form of the In- 

 dian dog is very confiderably remote from that of the jackal, 

 which is not known to exift in any part of America. 



III. In order completely to eltablifli his opinion Mr. Zim- 

 mermann fliould have proved that the dog is certainly derived 

 from the wolf. I have juft endeavoured to render it probable 

 that the wolf is not the pareni of the dogs of the old world ; 

 and I formcrlyt gave fome reafons for believing that the Indiaa 

 dog of America, notwithftanding the conjectures of Lawfon, 

 and other writers, is not the pure unmixed wolf, but an hy- 

 brid, betTotten between this and fome other animal. 



IV. But in the old world there are dogs nut peihaps 

 piore completely domefticated, or, in .other words, not more 

 thorouvrhly deprived of their favagc jfpetl and manners, than 

 are the dogs of North America. Such arc the dogs of the 

 Kalmuck Tartars. And who that attentively, confiders the 



liiftory of Qnulrujicds, vol. i. p. z'n. f See p. 



7. 



hi (lory 



