in the Vorejl de Benoti. 247 



•f black oak, and verv rarely white oak *. That cut wiihiu 

 the current vear is ufcd, and never that of the preceding. 



The wood is ten, twelve, or fifteen years old, and the lower 

 part of the tree is never fcparated. It however, in general, 

 does not exceed fix inches in diameter. It is cut into pieces 

 from three feet eight inches to four feet in length, called I'll- 

 lets. 



They are placed upright, without being fplit, refling, with 

 the fide cut into a (lope like the mouth of a flute, on the 

 inafs of earth, and in fueh a manner that they all touch 

 each other; thofe at the circumference only being a little in- 

 clined ; and, contrary to the general practice of thofe who 

 char wood, one (tory onlv is formed. Care is taken to mix 

 thefe billets with fm'all branches; but twigs are never intro- 

 duced, except in the centre of the furnace, merely to kindle 

 it. Two cords of wood are fometimes employed at one 

 timet. 



When the furnace is confirucled, and is very round, 

 ftakes, a foot in height, are planted round it, at thediftance 

 of half a foot : it islhen covered with dry grafs, ferns %, or 

 palcincs §, to the thicknefs of four inches in every direction ; 

 and over thefe is placed coal earth ftcrre de cbarbonwrrj to 

 the fame height on the fides, and to the height of 15 inches 

 on the fumnnt. In this ftate, there remains around this fo- 

 cus, called \\\c furnace, the circular Ipacc before mentioned 

 of about a foot and a half in breadth. 



The earth employed is an argil mixed with calcareous 

 earth : it is never removed from this inclofure, where it is 

 baked to fuch a degree that it might be taken for nflics, with 

 which it is mixed. It is then called tcrrc de charbomcre^ 

 In other countries, it is known by the name i-A' J'nijin or Jru' 

 fil. 



Fire is applied in the centre by means of a light placed at 

 the end of a (tick, introduced by a palVage formed at the 

 lower part of the furnace. The ci-evices are ttnppcd as foon 

 z< thev iappear, and the ufral practice is followed in tiiis re- 

 fpeef, that liie fire niav be perfeAly regular. 



When the wood is charred, half a barrel of water is thrown 

 over it, and then it is covered to the height of five or fix 



''^ Tlieft are varieties of ttic 'iiunin )'A,ur. In this ("pccics arc difun- 

 guiflicd the luhilf, mt, and hliJik. 



t A cord IS cijjlit ftct in Kniitli, four ftct in height, and pearly fo^r 

 in ijrt.idth, 



* I'll r 11 /-I'luitiiia. 



§ A kind of giafi of tlie genu^ ''■romm or Irituum, 



U 4 inches, 



