45 Process for Dyeing Tiirkri/ Red, 



spots in the cotton. Add four pails of strong barilla water, 

 and stir it well. Sink the cotton in this liquor, keeping it 

 down with cross stick>, and cover it up ; boil it gently two 

 hours, then wash it and dry it, and it is finished. 



I7'ssels. 



The number of vessels necessary for this business is 

 greater in proportion to the extent of the manufactory ; but 

 in the smallest work it is necessary to have four coppers, 

 of a round form. 



1st, The largest, for boiling and for finishing, is twenty- 

 eight .inches deep, by thirty-eight or thirty-nine wide in 

 tile mouth and eighteen inches wider in the widest part. 



2d, The second for dyeing is twenty-eight deep, by thirty- 

 two or thirtv-four in the mouth. 



;->d, The third, for the alum steep, is like the second, 



4th, Tlie fourth, for boiling the galls, is twenty deep 

 by twentv-cight wide. 



A number of tubs, or larger wooden vessels, are neces- 

 <arv, which must all be of fir, and hooped with wood or 

 with copper. 



Iron must not be employed in their construction, not 

 e\-en a nail j but where nails are necessary, they must be 

 of copper, 



Bv the pail is alwavs understood a wooden vessel which 

 holds four English gallons, and is hooped with copper. 



In some parts of the above process, the strength of the 

 barilla liquor or liquors is determined by telling to what 

 degree s. persrliqueur or hydrometer sinks in them. 



The perseliqueur was of French construction. It is si- 

 milar to the glass hydrometer used by the spirit dealers in 

 this country; and any artist who makes these instruments 

 will find no difiiculty in constructing one with a scale si- 

 milar to that employed by M. Papillon, when he is informed 

 of the following circumstances : 



1st, The instrument, when plunged in good soft water, 

 such as Kdinburgh pipe water, at temperature 60° sinks to 

 the 0, or beginning of the scale, which stands near the top 

 of the stem. 



2d, When it is immersed in a saturated solution of com- 

 tnon salt, at the same temperature of G0°, it sinks to the 20* 

 of the scale only ; and this falls at some distance from the 

 top of the ball. 



This saturated solution is made by boiling, in pure water, 

 refined sea or common salt, till no more is dissolved, and 

 by fiitcrinir the liquor when cold ihroutih blottino; paper. 



^ " It 



