THE KANSAS PEACH. 61 



tion in larvae may be found particularly in fall and spring. This fact 

 often leads to the belief that the life-history consumes more than one 

 year ; although there may seem to be several broods, there is but one 

 year employed in coraiDleting the life cycle. This tliflPerence in size is 

 easily accounted for by the fact that eggs are deposited from about the 

 middle of June to September. 



By a study of the workings of the pest, the large larvae appear to 

 form long channels or broad, deep cavities jBUed with large quantities 

 of gum and worm castings. A number of channels measured showed 

 a measurement of one and one-fourth inches wide by two and one- 

 eight inches long. The larger larvae are found beneath the bark, feed- 

 ing on the cambium and interior portion of the bark. Seven inches 

 below the ground large larvae were detected which had eaten one-fifth 

 around roots having circumference of eight inches. Several small 

 roots next to it were dead, undoubtedly due to action of the borer. 

 A number of trees and roots were beginning to decay, showing serious 

 effects of the insect. See fig. 12. In a number of instances the 

 work of the larvae upon the roots seems more destructive than upon 

 the trunk. They not only cut the bark and cambium but burrow 

 grooves into the woody tissue. The larvae pass the winter in different 

 positions, as observed by careful examinations during the winter 

 months. In a badly infested tree the liber of the bark was perforated 

 with short channels, evidently the work of small larviie. 



Larvae were found feeding upon rotten wood, four or five inches 

 from growing tissue, though evidently not there by accident. These 

 larvae were in large channels about one-fourth of an inch deep. The 

 number of larvae is dependent upon the care that is exercised in the 

 protection of the tree. In one orchard inspected, trees were detected 

 containing over fifty larvae. The number in other trees varied, depend- 

 ing ui3on the severity of the attack. About the middle of June the 

 larvae have nearly all attained full size. They then spin for them- 

 selves follicles of silk, with gum and excrement intermixed. The 



pupae (see fig. 8) are about an 

 inch in length, brown in color, 

 ovate, with obtusely rounded 

 ends. They are attached to the 

 trunk of the tree at the base just 

 2 '^ above the ground. The pupal 



state lasts about a month. There 

 Fig. 6. Adults. jg ^ gj-pat difference in the sexes 



of the adults (see figs. 6, 9, and 10), the female being much larger 

 and more robust than the male, from which she is easily distinguished 

 by a broad, transverse, orange-yellow band on abdomen. Both have 

 almost transparent wings and are of a steel-blue color. 



