Zoological Explorations. 247 



back; then the faithful squaw with a huge pack of household 

 goods; next a clog, with a kettle on one side, balancing a 

 couple of blankets on the other; then two children trudging 

 along, each with his pack; and, bringing up the rear, another 

 dog, bearing a bundle on either side, the contents of which I 

 could not make out. 



Many of the "Huskies" show evidence of wolf blood, par- 

 ticularly in a stiff mane, sharp muzzles, and the " wolf mark," 

 a dark streak on the fore leg. In summer they subsist on the 

 refuse of the camp, but in the winter are barely kept from 

 starving by an occasional fish. Their habit of howhng in 

 chorus is also wolf-hke, and a concert of this kind will make 

 the air fairly quiver. They do not, however, bark so gener- 

 ally at a stranger as does the ordinary domestic dog. In hot 

 weather they are much distressed by the attacks of the "bull 

 dogs," which get into their hair, and seem to cause them 

 almost unendurable discomfort. 



BIRDS. 



The primary object of the expedition was to get series 

 of birds is summer plumage, and also the downy young. 

 Owing to the lack of any barrier between the Arctic Circle 

 and the Gulf, the summer residents in the region visited are, 

 nearl}^ all of them, species familiar in Iowa as winter residents 

 or migrants. About ninety per cent of the entire list of spe- 

 cies collected by us on the lower Saskatchewan are birds 

 included in the avifauna of Iowa. All the specimens were 

 secured between July 6th and i^ugust 25th. They are thus 

 all summer residents, and it will be understood that they are 

 such without any furthur notice of the fact. A full series of 

 the winter residents is expected from Mr. Frank Russell, who 

 is spending the present winter (1S92-3) in that region. When 

 his report is published, we may hope for a faii'ly complete 

 list of the birds of this interesting locality. 



Mr. Ernest E. Thompson, of Toronto, has given a full 

 account of the "Birds of Manitoba," published by the Smith- 



