348 Natural History Bulletin. 



lowed is almost exactly due east from Moyogalpa, and is the 

 dividing line which separates the bare sandy part of the vol- 

 cano on the south-western slope from that on which vegetation 

 has again obtained a foot-hold. 



"Above the point at which we left our horses, for about 

 2,000 feet, the slope is about 30°; the surface is grassy with 

 some shrubbery in the upper half of this portion, and with an 

 abundance of boulders everywhere. 



"Beyond this, in the last 2,000 feet, the slope becomes more 

 abrupt, being about 45°. 



"The lower part of this portion contains an abundance of 

 small shrubs and a few young trees, and everywhere dead 

 trunks of trees are standing erect, or lying where they were 

 overwhelmed by the mass of volcanic sand which was hurled 

 from the mouth of the crater. The upper part is almost bare, 

 and as the soil is made up of fine, loose sand and small boul- 

 ders, climbing is exceedingly difficult, the great exertion caus- 

 ing my (the writer's) pulse to reach 160. 



"In the last 1,000 feet the sides of the gullies which have 

 been produced by erosion since the eruption, show that this 

 fine volcanic sand is regularl}^ stratified, the lines of stratifica- 

 tion being parallel to the slope, — evidence that the sand w^as 

 deposited by the hot water which was ejected from the crater. 



"The few herbs and shrubs which are found on this portion 

 of the volcano are clustered together in patches in true alpine 

 fashion, but the clouds which usually hang over it keep it con- 

 stantly moist, and it is evident that a luxuriant vegetation will 

 soon again creep out over the now barren surface. 



"The summit of the volcano is somewhat obliquely trunc- 

 ate, the northern portion being the highest, and the eastern 

 the lowest, while the crater is rather regularly obconical, and 

 probably 1,000 feet in diameter, and about 500 feet deep. Its 

 inner slope is about 45°, the surface being made up of the same 

 kind of sand and boulders as occur on the outer part of the 

 volcano, so that, were it not for the sulphur-fumes, a descent 

 into it would not be more difficult than the ascent of the vol- 



