The Apples of New York. 87 



Red Types of the Gravenstein, 

 Several instances are known where bud sports of the Gravenstein 

 have originated which bear highly colored red fruit, but in other 

 respects are quite like the typical Gravenstein. Some of these 

 sports have neither been described nor propagated but others of them 

 have been introduced into cultivation under distinct names. Gaucher 

 and Leroy each describe a Red Gravenstein.^ A Red Gravenstein 

 which originated in Nova Scotia is now cultivated under the name 

 Banks. For an account of this variety the reader is referred to 

 Banks, page 14. 



GREAT MOGUL, 



References, i. Kegel, i :453. 1868. 2. Budd, la. Agr. Coll. Bui, 1885 :24, 

 35. 36, 2,7. 3. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bui, 2:41. 1888. 4. Budd, la. Sta. Bui, 

 18:519. 1892. 5. Troop, Iiid. Sta. Bui. 53:124. 1894. 6. Stinson, Ark. Sta. 

 An. Rpt., 9:105. 1896. 7. Troop, Ind. Sta. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 8. lb., 

 la. Sta. Bui, 41:85. 1899. 9. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 56:128. 1905. 



Synonyms. Great Mogul (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). 54 M (3). Grosser 

 Mogul (2, 9). Vilikui Mogul (2, 9). 



Fruit large, greenish, blushed and striped with red, somewhat resembling 

 Alexander in type but tending to be more oblong, less broadly striped with 

 carmine, and on the whole less attractive in color and form. Tree a fine 

 grower, comes into bearing rather young, is an annual bearer and productive. 

 It is not recommended for growing in New York. 



Historical. An apple of Russian origin which was introduced into the 

 United States about twenty-five years ago (i, 2, 3). 



Tree. 



Tree a good grower when young but when full grown is rather below 

 medium size. Form open, spreading, rather drooping with rather short stout 

 branches and drooping laterals. Tzvigs below medium to short, stout, irregu- 

 larly geniculate. Bark clear brownish-red to very dark brown almost black, 

 mottled lightly with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels very con- 

 spicuous, medium to large, oblong, generally elongated and russeted. Buds 

 very prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, lightly attached to the bark, 

 scales not well united, pubescent. 



Fruit. 



Fruit large to very large. Form roundish ovate, sometimes varying to 

 oblong conic or to oblate conic, slightly angular. Usually the fruit is pretty 

 regular in form, shape and size. Stem medium to nearly long, rather thick, 

 often clubbed or swollen. Cavity usually very acuminate, sometimes acute, 

 moderately deep, moderately wide, sometimes with outspreading russet rays, 

 smooth, symmetrical, often lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or 



1 Leroy, 1878:339. Gaucher, 1894:No. 11. 



