The Apples of New York. 97 



Freeborn, Xat. Xiirsi-ryinan. 1894:132. 16. Can. Ifort., 17:7. 1894. 17. 

 Card, and For.. 8:340. 1895. 18. Miinson, Me. Sta. R^.. 1896:74. 19. Waugh, 

 Vt. Sta. Bui., 61 :30. 1897. 20. Atn. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, Ind. 

 Sta. An. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 

 23. Macoun, Can. Dcpt. Agr. Bui, 37:39. 1901. 24. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 

 76:57. 1902. fig. 25. Munson, Mc. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd- 

 Hansen, 1903 :98. fig. 



Synonyms. Hibernal (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, ir, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 

 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Hibernal (8). A'o. J75 (i, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 

 iS, 25, 26). Orsimui (4, S, 6). Osimoe (8). Romna (23). 



A Russian variety which is proving vahial)le in portions of the Upper Mis- 

 sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor- 

 ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it : " This variety 

 represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples; there 

 are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with. Hibernal. Tree vigor- 

 ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it 

 especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have 

 at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni- 

 cal ; skin thick ; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on 

 sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes ; dots white, minute, obscure, 

 often some large russet dots ; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch 

 of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a 

 marked characteristic ; stem medium, often short ; basin narrow, rather 

 shallow, wrinkled; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting; tube 

 funnel-shaped ; stamens median ; seeds few ; flesh acid, with some astrin- 

 gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter" (24, 26). 



Macoun reports "Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small; 

 quality above medium ; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a 

 strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert 

 fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and 

 productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples" (23). 



HICKS, 



References, i. Hicks, Horticulturist. 21 -.333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing, 

 1869:215. 3. Burrill and McCluer, ///. Sta. Bui, 45:308, 316, 324. 1896. 

 4. Thomas, 1897 :639. 



Synonyms. Buckram (2, 3). Hicks (i, 2, 3, 4). 



A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim- 

 son ; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali- 

 ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state. 



Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to 

 notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (i, 2). 



HIGHTOP SWEET, 



References, i. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Flovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848. 

 3. Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons, 

 Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. 

 Vol. II — 9 



