i88 The Apples of New York. 



Calyx tube rather narrow, short, funnel-shape. Staniois median. 



Core variable, below medium to large, abaxile ; cells usually symmetrical, 

 wide open ; core lines clasping. Carpels often markedly concave, broadly 

 ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds above medium, rather long and narrow, 

 plump, acute or approaching acuminate, light brown. 



Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, moderately fine-grained, crisp, 

 tender, juicy, briskly subacid, good. 



Season late September to December or January. 



ROMAN STEM. 



References. i. Coxe, 1817:132. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:135. 3. London 

 Horf. Soc. Cat., 1831:33. 4. Downing, 1845:131. 5. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 

 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:185. 7. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 

 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 9. Elliott, 1854:155. 10. Horti- 

 culturist, 10:87. 1855- II- Hooper, 1857:81. 12. Mag. Hort., 24:110. 1858. 

 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 14. Warder, 1867 :579. fig. 15. Barry, 1883 : 

 354. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 

 1892:248. 18. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bui, 76:94. 1902. 19. Budd-Hansen, 

 1903:166. 20. Beach and Clark, A^ Y. Sta. Bui, 248:142. 1904. 



Synonyms. French Pippin of some (9). Roman Stem (i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 

 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). 



Fruit about medium size, whitish-yellow, often somewhat blushed. The 

 flesh is juicy, aromatic, subacid and very good in quality, particularly for 

 dessert use. It is in season from midautumn to midwinter. " A good fruit 

 but in a great measure superseded by other sorts" (15). The tree is mod- 

 erately vigorous, spreading, irregular, very hardy and very productive. In 

 the trying climate of the upper Mississippi valley it has proved hardier than 

 most of the old varieties from the East and has succeeded well where the 

 varieties of the grade of hardiness of Baldwin and Rhode Island Greening 

 have failed. It is not well suited for commercial purposes because it is 

 yellow, lacks good size and is not a late keeper. 



Historical. Coxc published the following description of Roman Stem in 

 1817 : " This apple was first propagated in the neighbourhood of Burling- 

 ton, New-Jerse}^ where the original tree is now standing. It is an excellent 

 early winter fruit, much admired for its tender, mild, juicy and agreeable 

 properties ; the size is small, the form round, the stalk of singular appear- 

 ance, from a fleshy protuberance of the neighboring part, resembling an 

 aquiline nose, whence the apple derives its name — the skin is rough, the 

 color yellow, with black clouds and spots — the tree is of handsome and 

 vigorous growth, with long shoots, and great fruitfulness ; it is in every 

 respect deserving of extensive cultivation." 



Roman Stem has been pretty widely disseminated and considerably culti- 

 vated in various parts of the Southern, Central and Western states but it 

 is now generally superseded by other kinds. It is but little grown in New 

 York. 



