i6 The Apples of New York. 



The first edition of Thomas' Fruit Culturist was written in 1844, and 

 subsequently much enlarged through several revised editions. l The lists 

 of apples published in the twenty-first edition, 1903, include 954 varieties. 



The number of named varieties of the apple now runs into the thou- 

 sands. Gregory2 states that about 1,200 varieties of apples were planted 

 in an orchard of the University of Illinois in 1869. BaileyS asserts that 

 the varieties of apple trees on sale in the United States in any one year 

 are not far from 1000 kinds. His inventory of the apples sold by nursery- 

 men in 1892 includes 8/8 entries.* 



The Old-time Grafted Fruit. As has already been noticed, some of 

 the European settlers brought with them, or afterwards imported, scions 

 or trees of the apples cultivated in Europe. A few nurseries were estab- 

 lished at an early day in which these European kinds were propagated. 

 Gradually American varieties found their way into grafted orchards and 

 into nurseries and gained the preeminence v,fliicli as a class they con- 

 tinue to hold. Among the varieties originating on Long Island or in the 

 Hudson valley, or brought into the state from New England or New 

 Jersey, which were being grafted into the farm orchards in the older 

 settled parts of the state a century or more ago were Green Newtown, 

 Yellow Newtown (the two being often referred to indiscriminately as 

 the Newtown Pippin), Swaar, Esopus Spitzenburg, Fall Pippin, Bough 

 Sweet (also called Large Yellow Bough), Yellow Bellflower, Westfield 

 Seek-No-Further, Rhode Island Greening, Tolman Sweet, Pumpkin 

 Sweet (often called Pound Sweet), and Roxbury Russet. Besides some 

 of these, the Fameuse or Snow was also grown in the Champlain and St. 

 Lawrence valleys, having been introduced from Canada. 



Warder^ states that grafts taken from the orchard of Israel Putnam, 

 of wolf-killing memory, in Pomfret, Conn., were set in an apple nursery 

 at Marietta, Ohio, by W. Rufus Putnam in 1796, and most of the early 

 orchards of that region were planted from this nursery. He cites the 

 following authentic list of the varieties propagated as given in the Ohio 

 Cultivator, Aug. i, 1846: 



1. Putnam Russet (Roxbury). 



2. .Seek-No-Further (Westfield). 



3. Early Chandler. 



4. Gilliflower. 



S- Pound Royal (Lowell). 



6. Natural (a seedling). 



7. Rhode Island Greening. 



8. Yellow Greening. 



9. Golden Pippin. 



10. Long Island Pippin. 



11. Tallman Sweeting. 



12. Striped -Sweeting. 



13. Honey Greening. 



14. Kent Pippin. 



15. Cooper. 



16. Striped Gilliflower. 



17. Black Gilliflower. 



18. Prolific Beauty. 



19. Queening (Summer Queen?). 



20. English Pearmain. 



21. Green Pippin. 



22. Spitzenburg (Esopus?). 



In 1806 Bernard M'Mahon published at Philadelphia in his American 

 Gardener's Calendar a list of apples recommended for planting which, in 

 addition to some of the varieties named above, includes Early Harvest, 

 Early Red Margaret. Vandevere, Newark Pippin, Priestly, Holland Pippin 



' Preface to Nineteenth Edition. 



2 Rep. Univ. 111., 1870: 44. 



3Cyc. Am. Hort., I: 78. 



*An. Hort., 1892: 253. 



^Am. Pom. Apples: 25. • 



