262 The Apples of New York. 



pressed and sometimes lipped, russeted and with very conspicuous, outspread- 

 ing russet ra3's. Calyx small to medium, partly closed or sometimes open; 

 lobes acuminate, reflexed. Basin small to medium, narrow to rather wide, 

 deep, rather abrupt, furrowed, slightly wrinkled. 



Skin smooth or slightly roughened with russet dots, green changing to 

 yellow when fully ripe, often with faint streaks of brownish or pinkish blush. 

 Bright and rather attractive for a yellowish apple. Dots russet and gray. 



Calyx tube conical or approaching truncate funnel-form. Stamens median 

 to basal. 



Core small to medium, usually axile or nearly so; cells often not uniform 

 in size but symmetrical, closed or partly open ; core lines meeting when the 

 calyx tube is cone-shape, clasping when it is funnel-form. Carpels elongated, 

 pointed ovate, smooth or nearly so. Seeds acute to slightly obtuse, long, 

 medium size, brown, sometimes tufted. 



Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid 

 becoming mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, sprightly, very good. 



Season in Western New York November to February or March. 



PIFER. 



References, i, Mag. Hort., 19:210. 1853. 2. Horticulturist, 8:342. 1853. 

 3. Warder, 1867:728. 4. Downing, 1869:304. 5. Burrill and McCluer, ///. 

 Sta. Bui, 45:336. 1896. 6. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:52. 

 1903. 7. Beach and Clark, .V. Y. Sta. Biil, 248:138. 1904. 



Synonyms. Pfeifer (4, 7). Pfeiffer (i, 2, 3). Piper (6). 



A dull red fruit of medium size and fair quality. Its chief merit is that 

 it keeps fresh and firm till very late in the season. The tree does not come 

 into bearing very young but so far as tested here it appears to be a reliable 

 bearer yielding full crops biennially. Not recommended for planting in New 

 York. 



Historical. Originated in .Springfield township, Pennsylvania. Brought to 

 the attention of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 (i, 2). It 

 does not appear to be known among New York fruit growers. 



Tree. 



Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved branches. 

 Form upright to roundish, rather dense. Tungs medium in length to very 

 short, straight or nearly so, slender, with large terminal buds ; internodes 

 rather short. Bark clear reddish or olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- 

 skin, slightly pubescent. Lcnticels quite numerous, small to very small, elon- 

 gated, usually not raised. Buds rather small, plump, acute, appressed, slightly 

 pubescent. 



Fruit. 



Fruit below medium to above, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish 

 inclined to oblate, regular or sometimes obscurely ribbed, usually symmetrical ; 

 sides sometimes unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity 

 acute to acuminate, rather shallow to moderately deep, moderately broad, 

 smooth and greenish or occasionally slightly russeted. Calyx small to medium, 

 closed or partly open ; lobes long, recurved. Basin varies from moderately 



