The Apples of New York. 375 



1900. 38. Alwood, Va. Sla. Bui., 130:138. 1901. figs. 39. Miinson, Mc. Sfa. 

 Rpt., 1902:96. 40. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bui, 106:56. 1902. 41. 

 Hansen. .S". D. Sta. Bui., 76:116. 1902. 42. Stin.son, Mo. Fr. Sta. Bui, 3:26. 



1902. 43. Budd-lIan.son, 1903:206. fig. 44. Bruner, N. C. Sfa. Bui, 182:27. 



1903. figs. 45. Powell. U. S. Dcpt. Agr. Yr. Bk., 1903:232. col. pi. 46. Powell 

 and Fulton. U. S. B. P. I. Bui, 48:61. 1903. 47. Beach and Clark, N. V. Sta. 

 Bnl., 248:151. 1904. 



Synonyms. Holland's Red JVintcr (20). Royal Red of Kentucky (20). 

 Texan Red (20). Wine Sap (12, 13, 15, 17, 21, 27, 28, 31). Wine Sop 

 (15, ?7)- 



Winesap is one of the oldest and most popular apples in America. 

 It is known in all the apple-growing Sections from Virginia west- 

 ward to the Pacific Coast. An indication of its popularity may be 

 gained from the fact that according to Bailey's Inventory (2/) there 

 were, in 1892, seventy-three nursery firms offering Winesap for sale 

 as compared with sixty-four firms offering Baldwin, fifty-eight 

 offering Northern Spy and forty-eight offering Rhode Island 

 Greening. It should be borne in mind however that the number 

 of firms selling a variety is not an altogether true criterion of the 

 number of trees sold. 



Like various other old varieties, Winesap has many seedlings 

 which partake more or less of -the characters of the parent. The 

 best known of these are Arkansas, Arkansas Black, Paragon and 

 Stayman \\'inesap. 



The tree is a rather vigorous though not particularly rank grower, 

 comes into bearing early and is a remarkably regular cropper. It 

 does best on rather light, rich, deep soils and does not succeed on 

 heavy clays or in low, damp locations. In unfavorable situations 

 the trees are apt to be short-lived and in New York are less hardy 

 than the leading commercial varieties of this region. Although 

 Winesap is a well-known market apple, yet with the exception of the 

 Piedmont region in Virginia and certain districts elsewhere it has 

 not proved generally successful for the commercial orchard. In 

 New York it seldom reaches good medium size. In more southern 

 latitudes and under favorable conditions the fruit is well colored 

 and of good quality, but excepting on young trees or on soils of 

 more than average fertility it averages too small for a good market 

 variety. \\'hen well grown it is of very good quality and attractive 



