French National Injlilute. 273 



While thcfe rcfearches were making in France, the Englilh 

 made fonie of a peculiar and decifive kind. They have been 

 able to imitate the moft firigular cffcifls of galvanifm by com- 

 mon electricity, by making the conduClors much thinner and 

 longer. 



CHEMICAL ARTS. 



Nciu Method of bleaching Linen. 



This method, invented by Seguin, confilts in employing 

 one part of fulphuric acid in five hundred parts of water. 



Nezu Method of I leaching the Pulp of luhich Paper is made. 



The art of bleaching raw cloth almod imtncdiately, by 

 means of the oxygenated muriatic acid, is the invention of 

 Jjcrthollet. Chaptal made a happv application of it to re- 

 ftorc the whitenefs of books and prints that have been ftained ; 

 but it rcniaincd to employ it for prcviouflv bleaching the 

 pulp of v.hich paper is made. This was attempted by 

 Loyfcl fome years aoo, in order to render it difficult to imi- 

 tate aflignats, on account of the perfe£lion of their manu- 

 facture. This paper money, in a political view, may be 

 confidcred fcveral ways; but as an object of art, it is certain 

 that it has occafioncd a multitude of ingenious inventions, 

 which will long remain ufeful after aflignats fliall have beeu 

 forgotten. The different procetfes are now gradually made 

 public, fince they are no longer fccrets of ftate. The public 

 are already in full poflcfliori of the ftereotype art; and that of 

 the fabrication of paper, no lefs intere(ting, is now laid open 

 alfo. It is attended with the double advantage of beauty and 

 ceconomy. 



By means of this method, all rags may produce a pulp 

 exceedingly white; but they are not all proper for making 



fiaper firong, and difficult to be broken, though thin, — aqua- 

 ity eflential to bank paper, and others of the fame kind. 

 New white or raw rags, cordage, and other articles, the 

 hemp and fla^c of which have not been much worn, ought to 

 be chofen for this purpofe. Old rags do well enough for 

 thick paper, or that which does not require much tenacity. 



When the rags have been picked and cut into fmall mor- 

 fels, thev are put into vats, where they undergo a fermen- 

 tation, which changes the nature of their colouring matter, 

 bv rendering; it, as it were, faponaceous, and fufceptible of 

 being carried off by water when waflied, and afterwards 

 beat. The heat, during the fermentation, mud not be fuf- 

 fered to exceed 100' or 11 2° of Fahrenheit's thermometer, 

 which generally lakes place in fifteen days. 



Vol. XI. ' S The 



