Nc 



[ 368 J 



LX. On the Analyfn of Wine. By C. Chattal* 



[Concluded from p. 142 ] 



OW that we are acquainted wilh the faults in the con- 

 Irruftion of the clillilling apparatu.-, let us try to make an ap- 

 phcation of it in order to improve the knowledge we have 

 acquired in regard lo dilliilaiion, and the art of managing 

 the lire. 



It appears to me that the whole art of diffilling may be 

 reduced to the three following principles : 



ifl. To heat at once, and in an uniform manner, all the 

 points of the mafs of the liquid. 



2d, To remove all thufe obliaclcs which may confine the 

 afcent of the vapours. 

 • 3d, To etfecl the condenfation as fpcedily as poflible. 



To fulfil the firll condition, it will be necelfary that the 

 itiafsofthc liquid fhould have liltle depth; and this requires 

 that the bottom of the boiler fl)0uld prefcnt a very large I'ur- 

 face, that the fire mav be applied in a great many pomts. 



The bottom of the ftill ought to be a little bent inwards. 

 This form is attended with two advantages : the firft is, that 

 by thefe means the fuel is at an equal diOance from every 

 point of it, and that the heat is uniform throughout ; the 

 fecond is, that by this conftruftion the bottom of the boiler 

 has more ftrength, and the matters which may bedcpofited at 

 the bottom of the liquor are tlirown to the angles which red 

 on the mafon work, and where, confequentlv, it is Icfs dan- 

 ge.ous. When this depofit falls upon parts immediatelv 

 cxpofed to the direil a(::tion of the heat, it forms a cru't, 

 which prevents the liquor from beiiig in contaiil with the 

 part of the boiler covered by it, and the fire then burns the 

 metal. This inconvenience is not to be Icared, if the depofit 

 by the curved form of the bottom is thrown into the angles, 

 where it is withdrawn from the direct aftionof the heat. 



The fire nuilt be made to circulate around the boiler by 

 rceans of a fpiral chimney; in which cafe none of the heat 

 will be loft, as the whole liquid is furrounded by it, and ex- 

 poied to its action in an uniform manner. 



'i'hat the column of {team which rifes may experience no 

 oblfacle in its alcent, the tides of the boiler ought to rife in 

 a perpendicular direction ; and the lleam mull be maintained 

 at the fame degree of expanfion till it has reached the refrige- 

 ratory. But the fteam rifing freely, and being condenfcd by 

 coming into contaft with the cool fides of the capital, would 

 fall back into the boiler or body of the ftill, if the fides were 

 6 not 



