X. — Professor Arthur on plant respiration. Surface view of 



epidermal cells of a Carnation leaf. Section cut through 

 a Carnation stoma. Physiological demand of Carnations 

 for fresh air. ------ 58 



XI. — Overhead watering. Surface watering. Sub-watering. Cost 

 of beds and benches. Opinions of growers on their rela- 

 tive merits. ------ 61 



XII. — Topping Carnations. Shipping flowers and cuttings. Enigma 

 of flowers "going to sleep." Opinions of eminent Carna- 

 tionists. Functions of petals and their preservation. - 65 



XIII.— Is quantity of bloom being sacrificed for quality ? Are Carna- 

 tions growing less productive? Records quoted. Blooms 

 per plant. Comparisons made. - - - - 70 



XIV. — Cbssification of Carnations based on colors. European system 

 of nomenclature. Ratio of colors in Carnations. Virile 

 colors. Sentiment of colors. - - - . y^^ 



XV. — Growing Carnations under glass through the summer. Why a 

 higher grade of flowers ? Increased cost. Advanced price, 

 an earlier market, the compensation. - - - 80 



XVI. — Sunlight and ventilation the prime factors in a Carnation house. 

 Butting glass. Heating. Heat radiating surface necessary 

 to glass surface. Tables. - - - - 82 



XVII. — Fertilizers for Carnations. Formulas. Effect of excessive nutri- 

 ment on Carnations. Exact analysis of a given quantity of 

 Carnation roots, stems and leaves. - - - 89 



XVIII. —Diseases of Carnations resulting from insects: Greenfly, [Rhopa- 

 losiphum Dianthi)\ Red Spider [Tetrauychiis Telarius); 

 Nematodes {Heierodera Radicicola). Thrips. Their 

 remedies. . . _ _ - 94 



XIX. — Diseases of Carnations resulting from Fungi: Rust {Uromyces 

 Caryophyllmus); Wet Stem Rot {R/mzoctonia)\ Dry 

 Stem Rot [Fiisarium] ; Spot Disease {Septorta Dianihi) 

 Their remedies. - - - - - -100 



XX. — Nutrient diseases. Barren Carnations. Cohering petals. 

 Purple Joint {Rosette^. Ruptured Calyxes. Double flower- 

 ing Carnations. Incidental pests. . . - 107 



