XXI. — Do varieties of Carnations deteriorate and die? Continuing 

 life by cuttings a natural and virile method. As preserva- 

 ative as reproduction by seed. - - - no 



XXII. — Life lives in cells. Conception is by fission of cells. Origin 

 of bud variations or "Sports." Bi-sexual life in Carna- 

 tions. In all Monoecious class of plants. - - 113 



XXIII. —Geographical Botany of the commercial Difinthus. Its type in 



Germany, France, England. California, on the isotherm 



of 50° mean temperature. - - - - 118 



XXIV. — Carnations the product of adaptation by selection. Survival 



of the fittest. Origin of varieties. Basis of species. 

 Foundation of genera. Essence of orders. - - 122 



XXV. — Map of the zone of the semperflorens Carnation. Isothermal 

 lines. Climatic conditions. Every type of species confined 

 to its own isotherm. Carnations 50° mean heat. - 126 



XXVI. — Map of 50° isotherm normal climate for Carnations. List of 

 the best Carnations since the birth of Astoria. Names, 

 colors, originators, place of their birth. - - 131 



XXVII — New species of Carnation. Distinctive features of Dianthus 

 Superba, and Dianthus Semperflorens. They require 

 different cultural treatment. . - _ _ 137 



XXVIII— Carnation brevities. Multum in parvo. - - 144 



XXIX — Popular Carnation Culture. Carnations in every cottage. 

 How amateurs can grow them for lawn adornment. Table 

 decorations and boutonnieres. . - _ . 165 



XXX— Epilogue. Evolution of the five-petaled pink. - - 171 



