BREVITIES. 151 



The edges of the petals of carnation flower leaves may be 

 serrated, indented, fringed or plain, or possess all degrees of 

 serrulations from a deeply cut, coarse fringe to a simple undeco- 

 rated border. 



Mrs. E. A. Nelson, on page 79, and Alba Superba, on page 

 133, are fairly good specimens of the last two types. The cuts on 

 the adjoining page represent the serrated and indented classes of 

 leaves. These varied adornments of the rims of carnation petals 

 are the result of the conflicting play of hereditary forces. The 

 ancestors of carnations were noted for their petals being deeply 

 cut and fantastically fimbriated. 



B. T. Galoway, United States Department of Agriculture, 

 with census data of 1900 before him, estimates the area of green- 

 house glass in America at 30,000,000 square feet, (the type, by 

 mistake, in a former page says 300,000,000), the number of com- 

 mercial floral establishments at 10,000, exclusive of thousands of 

 small glass structures in which artificial heat is employed. He 

 epitomises deductions from the above as follows: 



"The estimated value of the establishments in this country, 

 including houses, boilers, and all fixtures, is placed at 50 cents 

 for each square foot of glass, or $11,250,000 in all. The income 

 of the producer will average 50 cents per square foot annually, or 

 $11,250,000, and double that amount when viewed from the 

 standpoint of the retailer. Considering the amount from the re- 

 tailer's standpoint, therefore, the total value of the annual output 

 is $22,500,000 or $1 for each square foot of glass. 



"It is estimated that the retail value of cut flowers sold 

 annually is $12,500,000, the estimated apportionment of the sum 

 being, for — 



Roses $6,000,000 



Carnations 4,000,000 



Violets 750,000 



Chrysanthemums 500,000 



Miscellaneous flowers, in- 

 cluding lilies, etc 1,250,000 



"Estimating the average retail value of roses, carnations and 

 violets at $6, $4 and $1 per hundred, respectively, the total num- 



