History. 3 
position to July-flower was easy, seeing that the 
Carnation blooms in July. In the far north I have 
occasionally heard the word pronounced Jully- 
flower as recently as 1870. 
Writing from his house in Holborn in 1597, then 
a suburb of London, John Gerard copied the double 
Carnation from Dodoens’ “ Historie of Plantes,” and 
called it the double Clove Gillofloure. Alongside of 
it he figured “the great double Carnation,” also call- 
ing it the “Carnation Gillo-floure,” showing that 
‘advances continued to be made in those far off 
times. The “Clove Gillo-floure,’ he continued, 
merely differed in its smaller size, and was well 
known, so that London must have been given to 
floriculture for years before his time. 
He gives good figures likewise of the single 
“Gillofloure or Pinke” (D. Caryophyllus), the 
garden Pink (D. plumarius) in several colours, D. 
Superbus and others renowned no less for their 
varied colours than for their fragrance. Even in 
those times he was obliged to make selections as 
he stated that a large volume would be necessary to 
go into particulars about each of them. Every 
year and climate brought forth new ones. 
The yellow Carnation was recorded by him for 
the first time. Mr. Nicholas Lete, a merchant of 
London, brought it from Poland and gave Gerard 
some for his garden. A yellow Gillofloure had never 
previously been heard of in this country. It would be 
interesting to learn how such a colour had first 
arisen. Dr. Williams, who has written the most 
recent revision of the genus Dianthus, avers that"no 
yellow flowered species is found amongst the wild 
types. The yellow Pink (Dianthus Knappi) intro- 
duced from Eastern Europe in 1899, has, however, 
light yellow flowers. Some authorities regard it as 
a yellow variety of D. liburnicus. 
Gerard, further referring to the varieties of 
colours, recommends those interested to repair at the 
proper season to the garden of Mistresse Tuggy, in 
Westminster, whose collection exceeded anything he 
had ever seen, whose deceased husband had 
exceeded most, if not all of his time, in raising, in- 
creasing and preserving Carnations and_ other 
plants. Even then it would seem that single Carna- 
tions were scarce or little understood inasmuch as 
one was termed a Pink, though it arose from the 
seed of the double ones. 
