Tree or Winter-Flowering Carnations. 83 
result, or response to the changed conditions of life 
induced by cultivation. The florist has merely 
accentuated or emphasised the traits which pre- 
sented themselves. 
Speaking in 1834, Loudon recorded a sub-shrubby 
Carnation with a stem 5ft. to Oft. high, to which the 
term “tree Carnation” was already applied. A 
writer in “ The Gardeners’ Chronicle” carried the 
origin of the race as far back, at least, as 1822, 
though he admitted that the culture of the tree 
TREE CARNATION CUTTING. 
Carnations of those days had been allowed to die out, 
and had only been again revived about 1862. 
It is not surprising that a Carnation 5ft. to Oft. 
high was doomed to a varying fortune or favour in 
those days ; and it was only natural that enthusiastic 
florists would endeavour to reduce its stature as has 
been done with the  Cuineraria, herbaceous 
Calceolaria, Chinese Primulas and other popular 
flowers. Even as recently as 1807 the tree Carna- 
tion was characterised by tall and leggy habit, with 
