112. Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
among European gardeners. The American Carna- 
tion 1s a descendant of, and is derived from, the 
French race of Carnations, which is known as 
remontant, or monthly, and which was originated 
about the year 1840 by a French gardener, M. 
Dalmais, of Lyons, France, who introduced the first 
real constant blooming Carnation about 1844. 
Dalmais is said to have secured this variety by 
artificially crossing the Carnation Demahon with the 
variety Biohon, and the result of this crossing was 
again hybridised with the Flemish Carnation, and 
the progeny was repeatedly crossed until the type 
was fixed. In 1846, he obtained a great number of 
varieties of this race, comprising many and varied 
colours.” 
He also tells us that the work was continued by 
M. Schmidt and M. Alphonse Alegatiere, both of 
Lyons; and that the number of varieties had greatly 
increased, and the name “tree Carnation” applied 
to the race in 18606. 
In speaking of the types of Carnation (in the 
above quotation) of European origin and_ usually 
known among European eardeners, Mr. Ward is 
evidently alluding to the show Carnation and 
Picotee of the florist, and possibly may not be 
aware of the numérous races we have now been 
cultivating for many years. He does, however, 
record the cultivation of tree Carnations in this 
country as early as 1862. Since then the tree 
Carnation has been vastly improved and widely 
cultivated in Britain. The tree  “race?SGi 
Malmaisons must also be taken into account. Per- 
petual flowering and winter blooming are also 
terms that have long been used in connection with 
the tree Carnation. 
The chief differences of the American Carnation 
from our tree Carnation are the larger flowers with 
more or less deeply fringed, often plaited or fluited 
petals, and the longer flower stems. A large pro- 
portion of them are sweetly scented, but that may 
also be claimed for tree and Malmaison Carnations. 
The firm of Dailledouze, Zeller, and Gard, soon 
after introduced both seed and plants from Lyons 
and were the first to raise seedlings from seed of 
their own saving on American soil. The first was 
named Mrs. Degraw, a pure white, fringed and free 
flowering variety. This was in 1858. Others fol- 
lowed, including Flatbush, Louise Zeller, Mrs. 
