114 Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
ancestor of most of the yellow American varieties of 
to-day. On American soil the early history and 
development of the race commenced in 1858 on Long 
Island, and has gone on continuously expanding till 
it has become one of the principal centres of the 
Carnation Industry in America. 
It is interesting to learn that Mr. Ward used 
pollen of the English variety Winter Cheer upon 
American varieties, thereby obtaining some of the 
most perpetual blooming Carnations of this race, 
including General Maceo, General Gomez, Governor 
Roosevelt, and their offspring. 
The work of improvement was carried on by 
Messrs. Charles T. Starr, John Thorpe, William 
‘Swayne, W. P. Simmons, and Sewell Fisher. In 
1890, Mr. John McGowan bought the stock of a 
white Carnation from Mr. Carl Schaeffer, a gardener 
who raised it. He named it Lizzie McGowan, and 
put it into commerce. For a period of ten years it 
was more extensively cultivated in America than 
any other white variety. About the same date or 
soon after, it was introduced to this country and is 
still in cultivation. 
About this period the popularity of the American 
Carnation advanced by leaps and bounds, and while 
many of the older florists continued their labours in 
raising new varieties, others entered the field as 
beginners at this engrossing work. Where dates . 
are given they indicate the commercement of work 
by the following raisers of Carnation seedlings :— 
Joseph Tailby, 1876: Frederick Dorner, 1889; 
W.R. Shelmire; E. G. Hill, 18900; Peter Fisher ae 
raiser of the famous Mrs. Thomas W. Lawson, in 
1895; Richard Witterstaetter, 1890; Rudolph 
Fischer; and Charles Willis Ward, the author of 
“The American Carnation,” 1890. Most of these 
florists are still ardently at work amongst their 
favourite flower. 
A considerable number of the new varieties have 
been sold at what would be considered fancy prices 
in this country, though. apparently, more on a com- 
mercial basis than the fancy prices recentlv paid for 
new Potatos in this country. The stock of five new 
varieties at least has been sold at prices ranging 
from -4,1,606 12s.. ad. “to: 42.083 6s. 3d" “She 
recently raised Robert Craig sold for £4,166 13s. 4d. 
The first big Gos nae the highest for any one 
variety was 46,2 this being for Mrs. T. W. 
Lawson. 
