136 Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
reckoned with, as well as individual variation 
arising under cultivation, and forms selected and 
preserved by the care of man. This even applies to 
the cultivated races of the wild Cabbage, native to 
the rocks and chalk cliffs of our own sea shores. 
Another obvious reason for the successful cultiva- 
tion of the Carnation in large or smoky towns, 1s 
the smooth character and more or less upright habit 
of the leaves. The surface does not retain the 
soot, dust, and other filth, which falls from the 
atmosphere during foggy times, to anything lke the 
extent that plants with soft and hairy or wrinkled 
leaves do. Every shower that falls serves to wash 
the folage, thus allowing it to perform its 
respiratory and other functions. 
The foregoing remarks also prove that all the 
races of the Carnation may be cultivatea with 
success in town gardens, large or small, provided 
they are placed under conditions suitable to their 
welfare. Those who are most familiar with the old 
florists’ varieties are most emphatic in their 
declaration that such types are as hardy and as easy 
of cultivation as the self and other border varieties. 
The success of these types in the open air in the 
north of England, is a revelation to those who have 
seen them.. Complete success also attends the 
cultivation of seedling Carnations, not merely in. 
the south but in the far north of Scotland, where 
the temperature often falls considerably below zero 
in winter. Before the summer bedding craze made 
its influence felt, fine named varieties of Carnation 
were grown for exhibition purposes, even although 
they were propagated in the old fashioned way from 
cuttings, previous to the adoption of the system of 
layering. At the present day Carnations of the 
finest named varieties are extensively cultivated in 
the south and west of Scotland. This should dis- 
pose of the question of hardiness. The districts in 
which they are grown to the greatest extent are 
overrun with the smoke fiend, belched out from 
smelting furnaces, mining chimney stalks, and 
manufactories. 
No one with a due observance of the possibilities 
of our climate in winter would think of planting out 
Malmaisons tree and American Carnations and 
Marguerites, because they grow and flower at a 
period when healthy or satisfactory growth and 
serviceable flowers would be impossible.  Artifically 
