Fungotd Diseases of the ( arnation. 145 
MV.—=FUNGOID, DISEASES OF THE 
CARNATION. 
That Carnations may be affected by fungoid 
disease has been known in this country for the last 
36 years, seeing that the Rev. M. G. Berkeley de- 
scribed Helminthosporium echinulatum in_ 1870. 
Since then several other forms of fungoid diseases 
have done a greater or less amount of damage 
amongst Carnations, notably Carnation Spot 
(Septoria Dianthi) which is fairly common but not 
so much dreaded as the Helminthosporium. Both 
of these fungi live in the interior or tissue of the 
leaves and thus render their immediate eradication 
impossible, though by persistent attention both may 
finally be got rid of. Wuth the great increase of 
Carnation culture it is to be expected that enemies 
will increase in numbers and kind, but a knowledge 
of the conditions under which they thrive and 
multiply or extend enables the Carnation grower 
to hold them in check, eradicate them or prevent 
them from getting a footing. The less experienced 
or less careful growers may always expect to suffer 
from the ravages of these diseases, but if they 
would enjoy imunity they must avail themselves of 
the knowledge put at their service by the experi- 
ence of others and profit from it by diligently apply- 
ing the remedy. 
Carnation Rust. 
The above name has been applied to two distinct 
species of fungi at least, owing to the similarity 
of the spores produced in the earlier or summer 
stage of growth of both, which belong to the same 
natural order. Carnation Rust applies very appro- 
priately to Uromyces caryophyllinus (Schrank). 
It appears first as a slight elevation on the stem 
or leaf; and this swelling first becomes pale then 
dark brown as the spores mature beneath the skin. 
Later on the swellings burst disclosing dark brown 
powdery spots consisting of masses of spores. Two 
forms of spore are produced by the fungus, the first 
or uredospore being thin walled and capable of 
germinating at once if the conditions as to heat 
and moisture are favourable to its growth. In the 
presence of a moist atmosphere these spores quickly 
