146 Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
germinate and thus communicate the disease to 
healthy plants. Later on another form of spore, 
the teleutospore, is produced of a darker colour 
with thick walls. This is the resting spore or stage 
in the life cycle of the fungus, and enables the 
latter to tide over dry or cold periods when it 
cannot grow. With the advent of favourable condi- 
tions the teleutospores germinate and recommence 
the life history of the fungus. 
Rust has given a considerable amount of trouble 
in America to Carnations in every stage of growth. 
The United States Department of Agriculture found 
by experiment that the best plan is to allow the 
fungus to exhaust itself after which it becomes 
played out. Mr. C. W. Ward says that after this 
stage some healthy plants will remain and if propa- 
gated will be found more or less disease resisting. 
He had never seen plants entirely killed by this 
disease, even though the growth was checked for a 
time. The plants ultimately grow out of it. 
REMEDIES.—The best of all precautions is pre- 
vention, by maintaining a sweet and airy atmos- 
phere and a night temperature not lower than 
5sodeg. by night. A close moist atmosphere and a 
high temperature are favourable to the fungus 
which, therefore, often proves troublesome — to 
cuttings while being rooted. Bordeaux Mixture | 
is often recommended to be used in the form of a 
spray upon affected plants, after cutting off and 
burning the worst of the leaves. This is made by 
dissolving Olbs. of sulphate of copper in_ water; 
4lbs. of quicklime in another vessel, and then mixing 
the two. Water is then added to make up the bulk 
to 22 gallons. The mixture should be thoroughly 
agitated to prevent the fungicide from settling 
down in the form of a sediment during the process 
of spraying. 
Potassium sulphide at the rate of 4oz.to the 
gallon of water is another remedy. The sulphide 
should be dissolved in hot water In the application 
of this as well as Bordeaux Mixture it must be 
remembered that only the spores can be killed after 
they break through the tissues of the plant. 
Diseased plants should be sprayed, however, before 
the scattering of the spores, but as near the time 
of the bursting of the swellings as possible; and 
if healthy plants are sprayed at the same time the 
spores will be unable to germinate upon them. 
