156 Select Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks. 
is 30 easily detected that only the most careless can 
overlook them. Happily, cxcept in rare cases, this 
enemy 1s not present in sufficient numbers to do any 
material injury. The damage is done chiefly by the 
larva or grub of Aphrophora spumaria. This grub 
is pale yellow or greenish, and may be found on the 
stems and leaves under a mass of white froth or 
spittle, hence often named Spittle-fly. It pierces the 
tissues of the plant and sucks the juices. The per- 
fect insect 1s a four-winged fly, which moves quickly 
by leaping, hence the name of Frog-hopper. 
REMEDIES.—The grub may be picked out of the 
froth and destroyed, or the froth may be brushed off 
on a bright day, thus exposing the grub to the 
scorching or drying rays of the sun. The perfect 
insect should also be caught when detected . 
Hares and Rabbits, 
These are most troublesome in rural districts 
where woods and plantations abound, or where they 
come close to the garden. Where game 1s strictly pre- 
served the grower is unable to protect himself by 
shooting these destructive creatures, which are 
usually most troublesome in winter and spring. Wire 
netting is the only safeguard to prevent them from 
eating the Carnations and Pinks to which they have 
access. 
Leather-Jackets. 
The above is a name given to the grubs of Daddy- 
long-legs, or Cranefly (Tipula oleracea), which is by 
far the most common but not the only species. The 
eggs are laid on or near the base of the plants in 
August or September, and hatching out about the 
beginning of May, feed upon the roots, stems, and 
leaves of Carnations in the open ground, and a host 
of other plants, till July, August, or the beginning of 
September, when they pass into the pupa stage, and 
emerge as long-legged, winged flies soon after. The 
grubs are slender, wingless creatures, of a dirty 
earthy, or pale slate colour, and encased in a tough 
leathery skin, hence the name Leather-jackets. 
REMEDIES.—Clean culture is a great preventive of 
this pest by offering little food or shelter to the per- 
fect insect, and offering the female fly little encour- 
agement to lay her eggs there. Of course, the Car- 
nations will always afford a certain amount of induce- 
ment to do this. Nevertheless, weeds of ail kinds 
should be rigidly kept down, and hedges in the 
vicinity should always be kept Clean. 
